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Chapter 12

Statistics in Practice

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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two …
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A study design is a set of techniques that allow a researcher to collect and analyze data from different variables defined for a specific research …
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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not …
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When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more …
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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally …
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Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and …
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An experimental design is a systematic process that allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are …
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Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in …
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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected …
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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control …
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Perturbed mitochondrial metabolism has received renewed interest as playing a causative role in a range of diseases. Probing alterations to metabolic …
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Anesthesia arguably provides one of the only systematic ways to study the neural correlates of global consciousness/unconsciousness. However to date most …
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Limited evidence exists to precisely estimate efficacy and safety differences between parenteral nutrition (PN) prepared using olive-oil-based …