1Department of Synthetic Biology and Bioenergy, J. Craig Venter Institute, 2Department of Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 3Donnelly Centre & Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 4Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital
1Institute for Microbiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 2Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 3Department of Genetics, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 4Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
1Evolution and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo
1Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 2Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 3Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina
1Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 2Associazione Annastaccatolisa Onlus, 3Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
1Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 2Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, 3Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego
1Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 2Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 3Donnelly Sequencing Centre, University of Toronto, 4Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, 5Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, 6Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto
1Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany, 2Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universität Siegen
1Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 3Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
1Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), University of Copenhagen
1Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 2Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc.
1Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 2Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
1Department of Biology, Ball State University, 2Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
1Department of Oral Biology, Creighton University School of Dentistry
1Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University
1Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 2Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 3Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
1Carlsberg Research Laboratory, 2Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 3Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen
1Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, NPRC, USDA-ARS, 2Hazera Seeds LTD, Brurim, 3Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” - Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental “La Mayora”
1Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 2Department of Anesthsiology, Veterans Admistration Western New York Healthcare System, 3Institute of Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
1Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University
1Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome (Italy), 2Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome (Italy), 3Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica, Anton Dohrn, Naples (Italy)
1Laboratory of Cell Cycle Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 2Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge
1Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
1Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 3Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Singapore Institute of Technology
1Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 2Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College
1Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 2Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 3Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine
1Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 3Group Health Research Institute, 4Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, 5Calico Life Sciences LLC
1Center for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 2Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Zhengzhou University, 3School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University
1Dermatology, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 2Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
1Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 2Section of Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University
1Department of Biology, Ball State University, 2Division of Nephrology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital
1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria
1Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, 2Center for Fisheries, Environment and Aquaculture Sciences, 3ES Cell Facility, Centre for Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester
1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa
1Department of Neurology-Neurosurgery, McGill University, 2Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, 3Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal
1Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Torino, 2Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB
1The Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, 2Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 3Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology
1Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 2Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College
1Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Medical Faculty and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 2Medical Department, Division of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 3Medical Department, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
1Department of Ophthalmology, , Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 2JoVE Content Production
An organism’s physical traits, or phenotype, are a product of its genotype, which is the combination of alleles (gene variants) inherited from its parents. To varying degrees, genes interact with each other and environmental factors to generate traits. The distribution of alleles and traits within a population is influenced by a number of factors, including natural…
Transgenesis, or the use of genetic engineering to alter gene expression, is widely used in the field of developmental biology. Scientists use a number of approaches to alter the function of genes to understand their roles in developmental processes. This includes replacement of a gene with a nonfunctional copy, or adding a visualizable tag to a gene that allows the resultant fusion protein to …
1The Philips Institute of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University
1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 2Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver
1Neuroscience Graduate Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, 3Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
1Dept. of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, 2Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University
1UCH Transplant Center, University of Colorado, Denver, 2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Denver
