{"id":4518,"date":"2025-06-17T10:09:28","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T10:09:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/?p=4518"},"modified":"2026-07-22T15:39:36","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T15:39:36","slug":"genetic-disorders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/genetic-disorders\/","title":{"rendered":"What Are Genetic Disorders? A Look at Genes and Health"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4518\" class=\"elementor elementor-4518\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef3dc91 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ef3dc91\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-081d7dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"081d7dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Are Genetic Disorders? A Look at Genes and Health\n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7090152 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7090152\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44ee0c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44ee0c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/v\/19622\/genetic-disorders\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genetic disorders<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are health conditions caused by changes or mutations in a person\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/what-is-dna\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DNA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of these mutations are inherited from parents, while others happen spontaneously. With the right visuals and examples, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/solutions\/middle-school\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">middle school <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">students can understand how genes influence health \u2014 and how scientists identify and treat these conditions.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e308475 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e308475\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d91503 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d91503\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Are Genetic Disorders for Middle School Students?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8aa59f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f8aa59f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e1dcc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e1dcc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Put simply, genetic disorders are diseases or conditions caused by changes in genes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here\u2019s how to define it in class:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cA genetic disorder is a health condition caused by a change in one or more genes.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These changes are sometimes called mutations and can lead to mild or serious effects depending on the gene involved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83c\udfa5<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/v\/19622\/genetic-disorders\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> JoVE\u2019s animated video on gene disorders <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">show how mutations alter protein production or disrupt body functions \u2014 a powerful visual tool for introducing students to medical genetics.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cff0c4e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cff0c4e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9673be1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9673be1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> How Do Mutations Lead to Genetic Diseases?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f94ac6e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f94ac6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc6cc85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc6cc85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0It happens when a mutation changes the way a gene works \u2014 usually by making the wrong protein, or no protein at all.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A mutation in a blood cell gene may cause sickle cell anemia<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A mutation in a mucus-related gene may cause cystic fibrosis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/science-video\/concept-video\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JoVE\u2019s concept videos <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">help students visualize these internal changes and connect them to outward symptoms.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee70e7c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ee70e7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e597c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e597c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Inherited vs Acquired Disorders\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3de4456 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3de4456\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94061c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94061c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Students often confuse inherited conditions with ones caused by the environment. Use this side-by-side comparison to explain inherited vs acquired disorders:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><b>Inherited Disorders<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>Acquired Disorders<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Passed from parents through DNA<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caused by lifestyle or environment<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Present from birth<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">May develop over time<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examples: cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs, hemophilia<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examples: type 2 diabetes, lung disease from smoking, infections<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This helps clarify the role of genetics in health while showing students that not all diseases are inherited.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a8fb89 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4a8fb89\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28f2f9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"28f2f9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Real-Life Examples of Inherited Conditions\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f9d1ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5f9d1ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29d3b0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29d3b0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here are some real-life examples of inherited conditions you can introduce in class:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sickle Cell Disease<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 changes the shape of red blood cells<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cystic Fibrosis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 affects lungs and digestion by thickening mucus<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Huntington\u2019s Disease<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 a brain disorder that appears later in life<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Tay-Sachs Disease<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 affects nervous system development<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83c\udfa5<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/science-video\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> JoVE videos<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> use diagrams and patient stories to explain these in accessible, age-appropriate ways \u2014 perfect for classrooms.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8203760 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8203760\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4ce115 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4ce115\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Explain Cystic Fibrosis or Sickle Cell in Class\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d199c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8d199c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17af355 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17af355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here\u2019s a simple breakdown of how to explain cystic fibrosis or sickle cell in class:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Cystic Fibrosis:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caused by a defective gene that affects mucus production<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leads to breathing problems and frequent lung infections<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treated with medications and breathing therapy<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Sickle Cell Disease:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caused by a mutation in hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in blood<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Makes red blood cells shaped like crescents (instead of round)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Causes pain, fatigue, and circulation problems.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udd2c Use paper models, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/science-video\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JoVE\u2019s video clips<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or analogies like \u201cclogged pipes\u201d and \u201cmisshaped delivery trucks\u201d to help students visualize how these disorders work.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa5853a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fa5853a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1e9910 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e1e9910\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Simple Classroom Strategies to Teach Genetic Disorders\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66fe423 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"66fe423\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cfe3ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8cfe3ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To reinforce your lesson, try these strategies:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mutation Simulation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Use paper DNA strands and show how one letter change can affect a \u201cprotein code\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Case Study Cards:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Give students \u201cprofiles\u201d of fictional patients and have them diagnose based on symptoms<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Trait Tracker:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Show how family history can help identify genetic risks (an intro to pedigrees)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12d0631 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"12d0631\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57b2a17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"57b2a17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion: Why Teaching Genetic Disorders Matters\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-caa0982 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"caa0982\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f968cf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f968cf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By understanding genetic disorders, students not only learn about DNA \u2014 they learn about empathy, diversity, and the science of health.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JoVE\u2019s videos and NGSS-aligned resources make it easier than ever to teach these complex topics with clarity, accuracy, and age-appropriate tools.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83c\udf93 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/share.hsforms.com\/1FyaUdqz3T3yuF-IuUZXDfwc2eur\"><b>Book a Free Demo<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to explore JoVE\u2019s complete genetics library \u2014 including animations, activities, and real-life stories that bring science and health together for middle school learners.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bring <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JoVE <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to your classroom starting <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as low as<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> $2 per student.*<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Explore <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/20267955.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net\/hubfs\/20267955\/K12%20Schools\/K12%20Funding%20Resources%20Flyer_2025.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">funding resources <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0to learn how your school can start using JoVE\u2019s complete STEM video library today.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*Pricing based on 1,500 students.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What Are Genetic Disorders? A Look at Genes and Health Genetic disorders are health conditions caused by changes or mutations [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4519,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ngss-standards"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.8 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - 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