{"id":4669,"date":"2025-07-23T18:17:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-23T18:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/?p=4669"},"modified":"2026-07-22T15:40:40","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T15:40:40","slug":"punnett-squares-teaching-trait-prediction-with-visual-tools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/punnett-squares-teaching-trait-prediction-with-visual-tools\/","title":{"rendered":"Using Punnett Squares to Predict Traits: A Visual Guide for Students"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4669\" class=\"elementor elementor-4669\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef3dc91 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ef3dc91\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-081d7dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"081d7dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Using Punnett Squares to Predict Traits: A Visual Guide for Students\n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7090152 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7090152\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44ee0c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44ee0c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re teaching <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/education\/3165\/genetics\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">genetics <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/solutions\/middle-school\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">middle school<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/v\/19456\/punnett-squares\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Punnett squares <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can be your best friend. Punnett squares help transform complex ideas about how traits are passed down into visual tools students can actually see and understand.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instead of talking about inheritance in the abstract, these simple charts let students watch dominant and recessive genes at work. Add in a quick classroom activity and a short <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/v\/19456\/punnett-squares\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JoVE video,<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and suddenly, Punnett squares aren\u2019t just another worksheet \u2014 they\u2019re the spark that helps genetics click.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e308475 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e308475\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d91503 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d91503\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Teach Punnett Squares in Middle School\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8aa59f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f8aa59f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e1dcc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e1dcc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So what\u2019s a Punnett square, really? Think of it as a mini prediction machine. It shows every possible gene combo from two parents, making the outcome of traits feel a little less random \u2014 and a lot more like solving a puzzle.<\/span><\/p><p><b><\/b><b>Example:<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s say both Parent 1 and Parent 2 have the genotype <\/span><b>Tt<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014one dominant allele (T) and one recessive (t). When we set up a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/v\/19456\/punnett-squares\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Punnett square<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> using these, we can visually map out all the possible combinations their offspring might inherit.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here\u2019s what the grid would show, along with the predicted <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/genotype-teaching-genes-and-inheritance\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">genotypes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/phenotype-teaching-observable-traits\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">phenotypes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8203760 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8203760\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbbe366 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cbbe366\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Punnett-square-showing-trait-prediction-from-Tt-\u00d7-Tt-cross-with-3-tall-and-1-short-outcome-1024x683.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4672\" alt=\"Punnett square showing trait prediction from Tt \u00d7 Tt cross with 3 tall and 1 short outcome.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Punnett-square-showing-trait-prediction-from-Tt-\u00d7-Tt-cross-with-3-tall-and-1-short-outcome-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Punnett-square-showing-trait-prediction-from-Tt-\u00d7-Tt-cross-with-3-tall-and-1-short-outcome-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Punnett-square-showing-trait-prediction-from-Tt-\u00d7-Tt-cross-with-3-tall-and-1-short-outcome-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Punnett-square-showing-trait-prediction-from-Tt-\u00d7-Tt-cross-with-3-tall-and-1-short-outcome-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/schools.jove.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Punnett-square-showing-trait-prediction-from-Tt-\u00d7-Tt-cross-with-3-tall-and-1-short-outcome.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d199c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8d199c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17af355 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17af355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This clearly ties into genetic trait probability, helping students make math connections while exploring biology.<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/science-video\/concept-video\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JoVE\u2019s animated concept videos<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> help simplify this concept, making it easier for students to see how alleles combine and traits are passed on.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a657b98 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a657b98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0b5642 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e0b5642\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Visual Punnett Square Activity for Students\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a691d6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6a691d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bfad8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3bfad8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A great way to make <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/v\/19456\/punnett-squares\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Punnett squares<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> interactive is through a classroom favorite we call the \u201cTrait Predictor Game.\u201d It\u2019s a visual Punnett square activity for students that doubles as a science and math practice.<\/span><\/p><p><b>You\u2019ll need:<\/b><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 cups with gene cards (e.g., \u201cT\u201d and \u201ct\u201d)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blank Punnett square templates<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trait charts for interpretation (T = Tall, t = Short)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b>Steps:<\/b><\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Students pull one card from each \u201cparent\u201d cup<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Record their gene pair in the Punnett square<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analyze outcomes and match with a physical trait<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Graph class data and compare trait frequencies<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s a simple activity that packs a lot of learning. Students walk away understanding not just how Punnett squares work, but why we use them.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aba150d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aba150d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a03b32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a03b32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Teaching Heredity and Dominant Recessive Genes\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b2cf0b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3b2cf0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fe7b31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9fe7b31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once students have the basics down, take it a step further by introducing <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/v\/17757\/inheritance#:~:text=Dominant%20genes%20overshadow%20the%20effects,recessive%20gene%20for%20blue%20eyes.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">heredity and dominant recessive genes. <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This helps them see the bigger picture of how traits are inherited over time.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> JoVE\u2019s<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> visual science tools to explain:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What happens when a dominant allele masks a recessive one<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why two tall parents might still have a short child<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How some traits \u201cskip\u201d a generation<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><br \/><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pro tip: Show examples like plant height or fur color where students can visually grasp how predicting traits in offspring works in action.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-320f98c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"320f98c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c53539f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c53539f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> Punnett Square Lesson Plan Ideas\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb18b5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0cb18b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e8f445 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e8f445\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Need structure? Here\u2019s a week-long outline that weaves in lessons, videos, and activities for how to teach Punnett squares in middle school:<\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Day<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Focus<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Activity<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mon<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intro to heredity<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Watch <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/v\/17757\/inheritance#:~:text=Dominant%20genes%20overshadow%20the%20effects,recessive%20gene%20for%20blue%20eyes.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JoVE heredity video<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tue<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/v\/10771\/genetic-phenomena-and-terminology#:~:text=An%20allele%20is%20dominant%20if,are%20required%20for%20phenotypic%20expression.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dominant vs. recessive<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Card-sorting game with traits<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wed<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/v\/19456\/punnett-squares\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is a Punnett square<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">?<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complete Tt \u00d7 Tt chart as a class<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thu<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trait prediction challenge<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Design your own square<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fri<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Class Punnett Tournament<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Solve charts for speed and accuracy<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether you\u2019re teaching remotely or in person, these Punnett square lesson plan ideas make the content more memorable and measurable.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc639eb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dc639eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c6baf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9c6baf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion: Make Inheritance Predictable and Engaging<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e2aa1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"22e2aa1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3f33ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3f33ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Teaching <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/education\/3165\/genetics\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">genetics<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> doesn\u2019t have to be overwhelming. With the help of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/v\/19456\/punnett-squares\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Punnett squares<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, students can explore how traits are inherited in a way that feels logical and exciting. And with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/schools\/science-video\/concept-video\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JoVE\u2019s concept videos<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and hands-on learning tools, you can connect this concept to real-life science in every class.<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/share.hsforms.com\/1FyaUdqz3T3yuF-IuUZXDfwc2eur\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Book a Free Demo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to explore JoVE\u2019s complete genetics collection, including visual Punnett square resources.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JoVE pricing starts at just $2 per student.*<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pricing based on 1,500 students. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/viewmail.jove.com\/hubfs\/K12%20Schools\/K12%20Funding%20Resources%20Flyer_2025.pdf?utm_campaign=14083630-K12_Q2_2025_Newsletter_June%20Edition&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_YoAQE_jZOxP2S56v0c7u1QwdSYCTxqWB2w5XzInlBixw8VciDctvVLnjRYMcQLUwoIc0yUBDE6qXfTZ_fdpwkm9LHPA&amp;_hsmi=2&amp;utm_content=2&amp;utm_source=hs_email\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Explore funding options here.<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Using Punnett Squares to Predict Traits: A Visual Guide for Students If you\u2019re teaching genetics in middle school, Punnett squares [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4670,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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