Chapter 1
Covalent Bonding and Structure
Organic chemistry is the study of compounds of carbon called organic compounds. Organic compounds either originate from living organisms or are…
An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around…
Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest…
Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas…
Covalent bonds are formed between two atoms when both have similar tendencies to attract electrons to themselves (i.e., when both atoms have…
Lewis symbols can be used to indicate the formation of covalent bonds, which are shown in Lewis structures—drawings that describe the bonding…
Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular structure around a central atom from an examination…
The VSEPR theory can be used to determine the electron pair geometries and molecular structures as follows:
Write the Lewis structure of the…
According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or…
According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single…
The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic…
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling…
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a…
Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”.…
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as…
The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance
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The chemical bonding of particulate photocatalysts to supporting material surfaces is of great importance in engineering more efficient and practical…
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a growth factor embedded in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. BMP-2 acts as trigger of mesenchymal…
Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) are promising vehicles for the delivery of hydrophobic therapeutics for clinical applications; their amphipathic…
