Chapter 3
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
The formation of carbon-carbon bonds leading to the creation of the carbon chain is the basis of organic chemistry. August Kekulé and Archibald…
Organic compounds of the same molecular formula can have different structural formulas called constitutional isomers, and the phenomenon is…
In the late 19th-century, the number of new chemical compounds discovered increased tremendously. Hence, the necessity arose to develop a naming…
Alkanes are nonpolar molecules due to the presence of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen is…
Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used…
In an organic molecule, free rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond results in energetically different conformers of the molecule. Due to this…
Unlike ethane and propane that have only two major conformations, butane has more than two conformers. The staggered form of butane in which the…
Cycloalkanes are saturated cyclic hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in the form of rings. They have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the…
Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain…
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it…
The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a…
This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial…
Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis…
The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were …
Combustion based power generation has been accomplished for many years through a number of heat engine systems. Recently, a move towards small scale…
This work puts forward a toolkit that enables the conversion of alkanes by Escherichia coli and presents a proof of principle of its applicability.…
We introduce an approach to study the formation and growth of hydrates under the influence of nonionic surfactants. The experimental system includes…
