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Chapter 11

Ethers, Epoxides, Sulfides

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different…
Physical Properties of Ethers
An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of…
Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below, In this method, in the presence of protic…
Ethers from Alkenes: Alcohol Addition and Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration
Ethers can also be prepared from alkenes through acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols and alkoxymercuration–demercuration. The acid-catalyzed…
Ethers to Alkyl Halides: Acidic Cleavage
Ethers are generally unreactive and unsuitable for direct nucleophilic substitution reactions since the alkoxy groups are strong bases and,…
Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides
Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when…
Crown Ethers
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized…
Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides
Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon…
Preparation of Epoxides
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin…
Sharpless Epoxidation
The conversion of allylic alcohols into epoxides using the chiral catalyst was discovered by K. Barry Sharpless and is known as Sharpless…
Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from…
Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides
Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the…
Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols…
Preparation and Reactions of Thiols
Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance,…
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon…
Nanosponge Tunability in Size and Crosslinking Density
We describe a protocol for the synthesis of linear polyesters containing pendant epoxide functionality and their incorporation into a nanosponge with…
Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework
We present a method for preparing thioester molecules as the masked form of the thiol linkers and their utilization for accessing a semiconducting…
Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
In this study, an amphiphilic copolymer that includes a core-forming block with phenyl groups was synthesized by living anionic polymerization of…

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