第6章
细胞信号传导

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes.…

At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that…

Contact-dependent signaling uses specialized cytoplasmic channels between cells that allow the flow of small molecules between them. In animal cells,…

Secreted signals can act on a variety of target cells. In some cases, the cell that secretes a signal also detects and responds to the signaling…

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be…

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that…

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the…

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second…

Pharmacological regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) responses holds great promise in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. However, there…

Protection against infectious diseases is mediated by the immune system 1,2. T lymphocytes are the master coordinators of the immune system,…