Chapter 27
Chapter 27
Direct-Current Circuits
Electromotive force (emf) is the force that causes current to flow from a higher to a lower potential. The term "electromotive …
A resistor is an ohmic device that limits the flow of charge in a circuit. Most circuits have more than one resistor. If several resistors are connected …
Resistors are in parallel when one end of all the resistors are connected to a continuous wire of negligible resistance and the other end of all the …
Electrical devices in any circuit can be connected either by series or parallel connections. Additionally, circuits can be connected involving both of …
Gustav Kirchhoff (1824–1887) devised two rules known as Kirchhoff's rules to analyze complex circuits, which cannot be analyzed with …
Kirchhoff's rules quantify the current flowing through a circuit and the voltage variations around the loop in a circuit. Applying Kirchhoff's …
Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), …
An ammeter is a current measuring instrument. In the circuit, it is represented by the symbol A. The ammeter is placed in series with the device or …
A voltmeter is an electrical device that measures the potential difference or voltage between two points. It is connected in parallel with the circuit …
A circuit containing resistance and capacitance is called an RC circuit. A capacitor is an electrical component that stores electric charge by storing …
One of the applications of an RC circuit is the relaxation oscillator. The relaxation oscillator comprises a voltage source, a capacitor, a resistor, and …
Companies that supply power to most modern households use three conductors, typically called a three-wire line. While one is neutral, the other two are …
A conductor needs to be a component of a path that creates a closed loop or full circuit to have a continuous current flowing through it. A current starts …
Generally, a single battery is not enough to power some devices. In such cases, batteries can be combined in two ways: in series or in parallel.
In …
Voltage and current measurements using a standard voltmeter and ammeter alter the circuit being measured either by drawing or resisting the current flow, …
An ohmmeter is a resistance-measuring device. It works by applying a voltage to a resistor of unknown resistance and measuring the current across the …
A relaxation oscillator is one of the applications of RC circuits. A neon lamp relaxation oscillator comprises a capacitor, a resistor, a voltage source, …
The equivalent resistance of a combination of resistors depends on their values and how they are connected.
The simplest combinations of resistors are …
This is a demonstration of how electrical models can be used to characterize biological membranes. This exercise also introduces biophysical terminology …
Galvanometer mirrors are used for optical applications such as target tracking, drawing, and scanning control because of their high speed and accuracy. …
To date, more than 50% of all pharmacological drugs target the transport kinetics of membrane proteins. The electrophysiological characterization of …
Transepithelial/endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) has been used since the 1980s to determine confluency and permeability of in vitro barrier model …