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Bioengineering

باستمرار، أثار الهاضم اللاهوائي لتحويل النفايات العضوية إلى الغاز الحيوي: إعداد النظام الأساسي وعملية

Published: July 13, 2012 doi: 10.3791/3978
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1, 1, 1
1Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University

Materials

Name Company Catalog Number Comments
Heated Recirculator VWR Scientific 13271-063 VWR For use with a heating jacket reactor system
Variable Speed Electric Lab Stirrer Cleveland Mixer Co. (Model 5VB) This mixer model facilitates mounting with a ring stand
Wet-Type Precision Gas Meter Ritter Gasmeters (Model TG-01) This model needs a minimum flow of (0.1 L/h) and can handle a maximum flow of 30 L/h
Gas Bubbler Chemglass (Model AF-0513-20)
Gas Sampling Tube Chemglass (Model CG-1808)
Axial Impeller Lightnin’ R04560-25 Cole-Parmer Impeller blades with 7.9375 mm bore diameter
Impeller Shaft Grainger 2EXC9 Grainger 1.83 m stainless steel rod with 7.9375 mm O.D. (needs to be cut to appropriate size)
Cast Iron Support Stands American Educational Products (Model 7-G16) For mixer mounting
Three-Prong Extension Clamp Talon 21572-803 VWR For mixer mounting
Regular Clamp Holder Talon 21572-501 VWR For mixer mounting
Peristaltic Pump Masterflex WU-07523-80 Cole-Parmer For effluent decanting
L/S Standard Pump Head Masterflex EW-07018-21 Cole-Parmer For effluent decanting -accessory to peristaltic pump
L/S Precision Pump Tubing Masterflex EW-06508-18 Cole-Parmer For effluent decanting - accessory to peristaltic pump
pH Analysis
pH Meter Thermo Fisher Scientific - Orion 1212000
Total and Volatile Solids Analysis (Standard Methods: 2540-B,E)
Glass Vacuum Dessicator Kimax WU-06536-30 Cole-Parmer
Porcelain Evaporating Dishes VWR 89038-082 VWR
Lab Oven Thermo Fisher Scientific (Model 13-246-516GAQ)
Medium Chamber Muffle Furnace Barnstead/ Thermolyne F6010 Thermo Scientific
Total Volatile Fatty Acid Analysis (Standard Methods: 5560-C)
Large Capacity Variable Speed Centrifuge Sigma WU-17451-00 Cole-Parmer
Laboratory Hot Plate Thermo Scientific (Model HP53013A)
Large Condenser Kemtech America (Model C150190)
Acetic Acid Reagent [CAS: 64-19-7] Alfa Aesar AA33252-AK
Chemical Oxygen Demand (Standard Methods: 5520-C)
COD Block Heater HACH (Model DRB-200)
Borosilicate Culture Tubes Pyrex (Model 9825-13)
Potassium Dichromate Reagent [CAS: 7778-50-9] Avantor Performance Materials 3090-01
Mercury II Sulfate Reagent [CAS: 7783-35-9] Avantor Performance Materials 2640-04
Ferroin Indicator Solution [CAS: 14634-91-4] Ricca Chemical R3140000-120C
Ammonium iron(II) sulfate hexahydrate [CAS: 7783-85-9] Alfa Aesar 13448-36
Gas Composition by Gas Chromatography Analysis
Gas Chromatograph SRI Instruments Model 8610C Must be equipped with a thermal conductibility detector (TCD), using below mentioned column and carrier gas operated at an isothermal temperature of 105 °C
Helium Gas Airgas He HP300 To be used as the carrier gas
Packed-Column Restek 80484-800 To be used for N2, CH4, and CO2 separation

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References

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  2. McCarty, P. L., Smith, D. P. Anaerobic wastewater treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 1200-1206 (1986).
  3. Lettinga, G. Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment systems. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 67, 3-28 (1995).
  4. De Baere, L. Anaerobic digestion of solid waste: state-of-the-art. Water Sci. Technol. 41, 283-290 (2000).
  5. Angenent, L. T., Karim, K., Al-Dahhan, M. H., Wrenn, B. A., Domínguez-Espinosa, R. Production of bioenergy and biochemicals from industrial and agricultural wastewater. Trends Biotechnol. 22, 477-485 (2004).
  6. Jewell, W. J., Cummings, R. J., Richards, B. K. Methane fermentation of energy crops - maximum conversion kinetics and in-situ biogas purification. Biomass & Bioenergy. 5, 261-278 (1993).
  7. Weiland, P. Biomass digestion in agriculture: A successful pathway for the energy production and waste treatment in Germany. Eng. Life Sci. 6, 302-309 (2006).
  8. Zaks, D. P. M. Contribution of anaerobic digesters to emissions mitigation and electricity generation under U.S. climate policy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45, 6735-6742 (2011).
  9. Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F. L., Stensel, H. D. Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse: Metcalf & Eddy. , 4 edn, McGraw Hill. (2003).
  10. Speece, R. E. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Industrial Wastewaters. , Archaea Press. (1996).
  11. Kleerebezem, R., van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. Mixed culture biotechnology for bioenergy production. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 18, 207-212 (2007).
  12. Angenent, L. T., Wrenn, B. A. Chp. 15. Bioenergy. Wall, J., Harwood, C. S., Demain, A. L. , ASM Press. (2008).
  13. Werner, J. J. Bacterial community structures are unique and resilient in full-scale bioenergy systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 4158-4163 (2011).
  14. Holm-Nielsen, J. B., Al Seadi, T., Oleskowicz-Popiel, P. The future of anaerobic digestion and biogas utilization. Bioresour. Technol. 100, 5478-5484 (2009).
  15. Hoffmann, R. Effect of shear on performance and microbial ecology of completely-stirred anaerobic digesters treating animal manure. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 100, 38-48 (2008).
  16. Clesceri, L. S., Greenberg, A. E., Eaton, A. D. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. , 20th edition, American Public Health Association. Washington, D.C., USA. (1998).
  17. Amani, T., Nosrati, M., Sreekrishnan, T. R. Anaerobic digestion from the viewpoint of microbiological, chemical, and operational aspects: a review. Environmental Reviews. 18, 255-278 (2010).
باستمرار، أثار الهاضم اللاهوائي لتحويل النفايات العضوية إلى الغاز الحيوي: إعداد النظام الأساسي وعملية
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Cite this Article

Usack, J. G., Spirito, C. M.,… More

Usack, J. G., Spirito, C. M., Angenent, L. T. Continuously-stirred Anaerobic Digester to Convert Organic Wastes into Biogas: System Setup and Basic Operation. J. Vis. Exp. (65), e3978, doi:10.3791/3978 (2012).

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