Chapter 4
Protein Function
![Ligand Binding Sites](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11510.jpg)
Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their…
![Protein-protein Interfaces](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11511.jpg)
Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most…
![The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11513.jpg)
The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is…
![Cofactors and Coenzymes](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10975.jpg)
Enzymes require additional components for proper function. There are two such classes of molecules: cofactors and coenzymes. Cofactors are metallic…
![Ligand Binding and Linkage](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11516.jpg)
Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the…
![Allosteric Proteins-ATCase](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12221.jpg)
Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function. For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism…
![Phosphorylation](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10733.jpg)
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These…
![Protein Kinases and Phosphatases](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11519.jpg)
Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation,…
![Covalently Linked Protein Regulators](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11521.jpg)
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an…
![Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11522.jpg)
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s…
![Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/55504_t.png)
Protein kinases are able to govern large-scale cellular changes in response to complex arrays of stimuli, and much effort has been directed at…
![Analyzing Protein Architectures and Protein-Ligand Complexes by Integrative Structural Mass Spectrometry](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/57966_t.png)
Analyzing Protein Architectures and Protein-Ligand Complexes by Integrative Structural Mass Spectrometry
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Proteins are an important class of biological macromolecules that play many key roles in cellular functions including gene expression, catalyzing…