Name: attitude components in everyday life
Uploaded: 2020-02-12T11:07:44.000Z
Duration: 1 min 54 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Biology

BIO.3

BIO.3.C

Attitudes

قد يكون لدى الناس وجهات نظر مختلفة تجاه الحياة ، اعتمادا على ارتباطاتهم المرتبطة بشيء ما. على سبيل المثال ، قد يكون شخص ما في مزاج سلبي: تمطر في الخارج ، وتربط ذلك بالحزن. عندما تشغل التلفزيون ، ترى مجموعة من اللاعبين ، يعبرون عن السعادة: إنهم على وشك الفوز بلقب مرغوب فيه كفريق.

تصف كلتا الحالتين المواقف - مجموعة من المشاعر والمعتقدات والسلوكيات التي تنتج عن تقييم إيجابي أو سلبي لشخص أو مكان أو كائن أو حدث. هنا ، المواقف صريحة - معروفة بوعي ومعلنة ظاهريا.

لحسن الحظ ، يمكن أن تكون التفاعلات بين مواقف الناس وكيفية تصرفهم بناء عليها متبادلة. أي أن المواقف يمكن أن تؤثر على الأفعال - يعرف فريق كرة القدم السعيد أنه سعيد وسيستمر في الفوز بالمزيد من المباريات - وقد تؤثر الإجراءات على المواقف - يمكن للمرأة القيام بروتين التمرين في الداخل لتشعر بالتفاؤل مرة أخرى.

ومع ذلك ، في بعض الأحيان ، لا يكون الأفراد على دراية بمواقفهم الحقيقية أو يريدون الاعتراف بها ، خاصة إذا كانت غير مقبولة اجتماعيا أو مثيرة للجدل ، كما هو الحال مع التحيزات العرقية والجنس ، على سبيل المثال. تعتبر هذه التقييمات ضمنية - لا يتم التعبير عنها شفهيا أو علنا. تحدث خارج الوعي الواعي والسيطرة.

ومع ذلك ، قد يعبر الناس عن وجهات نظر غير متحيزة ولكنهم لا يزالون يحملون مواقف سلبية. لحسن الحظ ، توجد موارد لفحص انتشار وقوة المواقف الضمنية وجعلها في وعي واعي!

المواقف

الموقف هو تقييمنا لشخص أو فكرة أو كائن. لدينا مواقف تجاه أشياء كثيرة تتراوح من المنتجات التي قد نلتقطها في السوبر ماركت إلى الناس في جميع أنحاء العالم إلى السياسات السياسية. عادة ما تكون المواقف مواتية أو غير مواتية: إيجابية أو سلبية (Eagly & Chaiken ، 1993). ولها ثلاثة مكونات: مكون عاطفي (مشاعر) ، ومكون سلوكي (تأثير الموقف على السلوك) ، ومكون معرفي (الاعتقاد والمعرفة. Rosenberg & Hovland, 1960).

فكر بإيجابية.

على سبيل المثال ، قد يكون لديك موقف إيجابي تجاه إعادة التدوير. يجب أن يؤدي هذا الموقف إلى مشاعر إيجابية تجاه إعادة التدوير (مثل "يجعلني أشعر بالرضا لإعادة التدوير." أو "أستمتع بمعرفة أنني أحدث فرقا بسيطا في تقليل كمية النفايات التي ينتهي بها المطاف في مدافن النفايات."). بالتأكيد ، يجب أن ينعكس هذا الموقف في سلوكنا: أنت في الواقع تعيد التدوير بقدر ما تستطيع. أخيرا ، سينعكس هذا الموقف في الأفكار الإيجابية (على سبيل المثال ، "إعادة التدوير مفيدة للبيئة." أو "إعادة التدوير هي الشيء المسؤول الذي يجب القيام به.").

لا تتأثر مواقفنا ومعتقداتنا بالقوى الخارجية فحسب ، بل تتأثر أيضا بالتأثيرات الداخلية التي نتحكم فيها. مثل سلوكنا ، لا تتغير مواقفنا وأفكارنا دائما من خلال الضغوط الظرفية ، ولكن يمكن تغييرها بوعي بإرادتنا الحرة. 

 

هذا النص مقتبس من <a href = "https://cnx.org/contents/Sr8Ev5Og@10.16:MBKbyrYC@13/12-3-Attitudes-and-Persuasion" target = "_blank" >OpenStax ، علم النفس. OpenStax CNX.</a>

الموقف هو تقييمنا لشخص أو فكرة أو كائن. لدينا مواقف لأشياء كثيرة تتراوح من المنتجات التي قد نلتقطها في ...

Education

JoVE Core

Social Psychology

علم النفس الاجتماعي

Foundations of Social Psychology

أسس علم النفس الاجتماعي

Attitudes and Persuasion

المواقف والإقناع

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

المصطلحات والمفاهيم الأساسية

attitude components in everyday life

Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. People hold attitudes about many things. These can include products from the supermarket, people around the world, and political policies. Attitudes are usually favorable or unfavorable, meaning positive or negative.

Attitudes also have three parts. The affective component is the feeling part. The behavioral component is the effect the attitude has on behavior. The cognitive component includes belief and knowledge. For example, a positive attitude toward recycling can create good feelings about recycling. It can also lead to the behavior of recycling as often as possible. It can also support thoughts such as, “Recycling is good for the environment” or “Recycling is the responsible thing to do.”

Attitudes and beliefs are shaped by both outside forces and internal influences that we can control. Like behavior, attitudes and thoughts are not always changed by situational pressure. They can also be changed consciously by our own free will.

Attitude Components in Everyday Life

attitudes

Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. People hold attitudes about many things. These can include products from the supermarket, people around the world, and political policies. Attitudes are usually favorable or unfavorable, meaning positive or negative. Attitudes also have three parts. The affective component is the feeling part. The behavioral component is the effect the attitude has on behavior. The cognitive component includes belief and knowledge. For example, a...

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Cognitive dissonance is psychological discomfort that happens when a person holds two or more inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. Social psychologists note that this conflict is especially likely to matter when it threatens a person's positive self-image. People often want to feel good about themselves, and a threat to self-esteem can shape what they do and what they believe. Psychologist Leon Festinger defined cognitive dissonance in 1957. His theory says that when...

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Persuasion changes attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through communication. People often meet persuasion from outside sources in everyday life. The topic has been studied closely in social psychology, especially through Carl Hovland’s work during World War II and later at Yale University. His work led to the Yale attitude change approach, which explains when people are likely to change their attitudes. The Yale attitude change approach shows that persuasion depends on the source, the message,...

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key terms and concepts

Learn how attitudes include feelings, behavior, and beliefs, and how they shape views on people, ideas, objects, and everyday choices like recycling.

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Attitude Components in Everyday Life

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