Name: shear forces in bolts and rivets
Uploaded: 2026-02-24T09:17:52.000Z
Duration: 1 min 18 s
Channel: JoVE

A structure when subjected to transverse forces develops internal forces in the sectional plane between the points where the forces are applied.
The magnitude of these resultant forces is defined as the shear and the stress developed is called shearing stress.
Consider two plates connected by a bolt. When tension forces are applied to the plates, stresses will develop in the section of the bolt corresponding to the plane between the horizontal surfaces of the plates.
The stresses result in a single shear, equal to the applied tension forces. Shearing stress is not uniformly distributed and varies from zero at the surface of the member to a maximum value exceeding the average value.
The average shearing stress is computed by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
When splice plates are used to connect two plates, shear occurs in each of the two planes of the bolt, which is referred to as double shear. The average shearing stress in each plane is determined by dividing the applied force by twice the cross-sectional area.

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A structure when subjected to transverse forces develops internal forces in the sectional plane between the points where the forces are applied.
The ...

Education

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

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Unit 1

الوحدة الأولى

Concept of Stress

مفهوم الإجهاد

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

المصطلحات والمفاهيم الأساسية

Shearing Stress

shear forces in bolts and rivets

Shearing stress is caused by transverse forces acting on an object. These forces create internal forces in the plane where the external forces are applied. The total internal force in that section is called the shear.

Average shearing stress is found by dividing the shear by the cross-sectional area. This value is only an average, because shear stress is not spread evenly across the section. It can be zero at the surface and much higher than the average in other areas.

Bolts, pins, and rivets often carry shearing stress when they connect machine parts or structural members. For example, tension forces on two plates joined by a bolt can create shear in the bolt section between the plate surfaces. In that case, the shear equals the tension force.

Some joints are more complex and use splice plates to connect other plates. In these cases, each bolt can be in double shear, which means the shear acts on two planes. The average shearing stress in each plane is found by dividing the applied force by twice the area.

Shear Forces in Bolts and Rivets

normal stress

Normal Stress in Axial Loading

Normal stress acts perpendicular to a material’s cross-sectional area. It appears when a force is applied along the axis of an object, which is called axial loading. Bridge truss members are a practical example of this kind of loading. When a rod carries axial load, internal forces develop across the section. Because these forces act normal to the plane of the section, the stress is called normal stress. Stress here means the average stress over the whole cross-section, not the value at one...

shearing stress

Shearing stress is caused by transverse forces acting on an object. These forces create internal forces in the plane where the external forces are applied. The total internal force in that section is called the shear. Average shearing stress is found by dividing the shear by the cross-sectional area. This value is only an average, because shear stress is not spread evenly across the section. It can be zero at the surface and much higher than the average in other areas. Bolts, pins, and rivets...

bearing stress

Bolt-to-Plate Contact Pressure

Bearing stress is the contact pressure between two separate bodies. A common example is a bolt pushed through a plate. The bolt applies a force to the plate, and the plate pushes back with an equal and opposite force. That force is not a single point load. It is made up of many smaller forces spread across the contact surface between the bolt and the plate. Because these microforces are complex, engineers use an average value called bearing stress. Bearing stress is found by dividing the...

applications of stress

Boom and Rod Stress Analysis

Boom and rod stress analysis shows how a pinned support structure carries a load. The boom and the rod are connected by a pin and held in place by brackets and pins. The structure is then separated from its supports so the forces can be studied clearly. A free-body diagram is drawn to identify every force on the boom, the rod, and the load. The reaction forces on both members are found using equilibrium equations. At point P, the reaction causes compression in the boom. At point R, the...

stress on an oblique plane

Axial Load Stress on Inclined Sections

Axial loading creates stress in a material along its central axis. This kind of load can cause compression or elongation, and it produces normal stress. Normal stress acts perpendicular to the material area and can be either tensile or compressive. When the section is not perpendicular to the load, it becomes an oblique plane. On this inclined plane, the stress state includes both normal stress and shearing stress. Shearing stress acts parallel to the area and changes shape without changing...

stress: general loading conditions

Stress Components on a Loaded Body

Stress components on a loaded body can be found by cutting the body through a point with a plane parallel to the xy plane. That section carries the original loads, along with normal forces and shearing forces. The result is a simple way to describe how a structure responds under combined loading. The shearing force in the section can point in different directions within the plane. It is split into two parts that run parallel to the x and y axes. Each part is divided by the area, and as that...

components of stress

Stress Components on a Cube at a Point

Stress components on a small cube help describe how a body behaves under multiple loading. The cube is centered at point O and has stress acting on all six faces, whether the faces are visible or hidden. Normal stress components σx, σy, and σz act perpendicular to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components also act on the cube faces. The visible faces carry shear stresses such as τxy and τxz. The hidden faces carry equal and opposite stresses. This balance keeps the cube in equilibrium.

design consideration

Safety Factors in Structural Design

Safety factors in structural design help engineers choose a material and loading limit that can be used safely. The process begins with a material’s ultimate strength. This value comes from tests that increase force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load is then divided by the original cross-sectional area to find the ultimate normal stress, or strength. Ultimate shearing stress is another key value used in design. These limits show how much stress a material...

key terms and concepts

Learn how transverse forces create shearing stress in bolts, pins, and rivets, and how average stress changes in single and double shear.

Shear Forces in Bolts and Rivets | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering offers concise, easy-to-understand animated videos covering key topics such as equilibrium, forces, truss analysis, and structural mechanics. Explore their real-world applications, and witness these concepts in action through scientist-led experiments.

mechanical engineering

Shear Forces in Bolts and Rivets

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