Name: axial load stress on inclined sections
Uploaded: 2024-03-07T13:22:32.000Z
Duration: 1 min 16 s
Channel: JoVE

ضع في اعتبارك عضوا خاضعا لقوى محورية. أدخل مستوى مقطعيا يميل إلى المستوى العادي ، يسمى المستوى المائل.
يمكن حل الضغوط التي تعمل على هذا المستوى المائل إلى مكونين: عادي وعرضي للقسم.
يمثل المكون العادي ناتج القوى العادية الموزعة على القسم ، بينما يمثل المكون العرضي نتيجة قوى القص.
يمكن حساب متوسط الضغوط العادية والقص بقسمة القوى العادية والعرضية على مساحة القسم.
يكون الضغط الطبيعي هو الحد الأقصى عندما يكون مستوى المقطع عموديا على محور العضو ويقترب من الصفر عندما يكون المستوى المقطعي موازيا للمحور.
يكون إجهاد القص أقصى عندما يميل المستوى المقطعي عند 45 درجة ويقترب من الصفر عندما يكون المستوى المقطعي موازيا أو عموديا على محور العضو.
اعتمادا على اتجاه الطائرة ، يمكن أن ينتج عن نفس الحمل إما ضغطا طبيعيا بدون إجهاد قص أو ضغوط عادية وضغوط قص متساوية الحجم.

الإجهاد على مستوى مائل

Stress on an Oblique Plane

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يعد فهم الإجهاد على المستوى المائل تحت التحميل المحوري أمرًا محوريًا في ميكانيكا المواد. يقدم هذا التحليل نظرة ثاقبة حول متانة المادة وقوتها، وهو أمر بالغ الأهمية للهندسة المدنية والتصميم الهيكلي. يشير التحميل المحوري إلى تطبيق القوة على طول المحور المركزي للمادة، مما يتسبب في الضغط أو الاستطالة ويؤدي إلى الإجهاد الطبيعي. يحدث الإجهاد الطبيعي عندما تؤثر القوة بشكل عمودي على مساحة المادة، مما يؤدي إلى إجهاد الضغط أو الشد. عندما لا يكون مستوى الإجهاد متعامدًا مع الحمل، فهو مستوى مائل، وتتضمن حالة الإجهاد كلا من الإجهاد العادي وإجهاد القص. يحدث إجهاد القص عندما تعمل القوة بالتوازي مع المنطقة، مما يؤدي إلى تشويه شكل المادة دون تغيير الحجم.

بالنظر إلى عضو ثنائي القوة يخضع للقوة المحورية P وفحص قسم بزاوية θ إلى المستوى الطبيعي، يمكن تقسيم الضغوط على هذا المستوى المائل إلى مكونات عادية (F) وعرضية (V). يوفر تقسيم F وV على مساحة القسم متوسط الضغط الطبيعي وضغط القص. يؤثر اتجاه الطائرة بشكل كبير على حالة إجهاد المادة. اعتمادا على اتجاه المستوى، يمكن أن يؤدي نفس الحمل إلى إجهاد عادي فقط أو إجهاد عادي وإجهاد قص متساويين في الحجم. يعد هذا الفهم أمرا بالغ الأهمية لتصميم هياكل قوية وفعالة. 
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ضع في اعتبارك عضوا خاضعا لقوى محورية. أدخل مستوى مقطعيا يميل إلى المستوى العادي ، يسمى المستوى المائل.
الضغوط التي تعمل على ...

Education

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

الهندسة الميكانيكية

Unit 1

الوحدة الأولى

Concept of Stress

مفهوم الإجهاد

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

المصطلحات والمفاهيم الأساسية

axial load stress on inclined sections

Axial loading creates stress in a material along its central axis. This kind of load can cause compression or elongation, and it produces normal stress. Normal stress acts perpendicular to the material area and can be either tensile or compressive.

When the section is not perpendicular to the load, it becomes an oblique plane. On this inclined plane, the stress state includes both normal stress and shearing stress. Shearing stress acts parallel to the area and changes shape without changing volume.

A two-force member under an axial force P can be cut by a section at an angle θ to the normal plane. The force on that section can be resolved into a normal component F and a tangential component V. Dividing F and V by the section area gives the average normal stress and average shearing stress.

The orientation of the plane strongly changes the stress on the material. For some angles, the same load produces only normal stress. For other angles, it produces both normal and shearing stress, and these stresses may be equal in magnitude. This idea is important in civil engineering and structural design, where strength and durability matter.

Axial Load Stress on Inclined Sections

normal stress

Normal Stress in Axial Loading

Normal stress acts perpendicular to a material’s cross-sectional area. It appears when a force is applied along the axis of an object, which is called axial loading. Bridge truss members are a practical example of this kind of loading. When a rod carries axial load, internal forces develop across the section. Because these forces act normal to the plane of the section, the stress is called normal stress. Stress here means the average stress over the whole cross-section, not the value at one...

shearing stress

Shear Forces in Bolts and Rivets

Shearing stress is caused by transverse forces acting on an object. These forces create internal forces in the plane where the external forces are applied. The total internal force in that section is called the shear. Average shearing stress is found by dividing the shear by the cross-sectional area. This value is only an average, because shear stress is not spread evenly across the section. It can be zero at the surface and much higher than the average in other areas. Bolts, pins, and rivets...

bearing stress

Bolt-to-Plate Contact Pressure

Bearing stress is the contact pressure between two separate bodies. A common example is a bolt pushed through a plate. The bolt applies a force to the plate, and the plate pushes back with an equal and opposite force. That force is not a single point load. It is made up of many smaller forces spread across the contact surface between the bolt and the plate. Because these microforces are complex, engineers use an average value called bearing stress. Bearing stress is found by dividing the...

applications of stress

Boom and Rod Stress Analysis

Boom and rod stress analysis shows how a pinned support structure carries a load. The boom and the rod are connected by a pin and held in place by brackets and pins. The structure is then separated from its supports so the forces can be studied clearly. A free-body diagram is drawn to identify every force on the boom, the rod, and the load. The reaction forces on both members are found using equilibrium equations. At point P, the reaction causes compression in the boom. At point R, the...

stress on an oblique plane

Axial loading creates stress in a material along its central axis. This kind of load can cause compression or elongation, and it produces normal stress. Normal stress acts perpendicular to the material area and can be either tensile or compressive. When the section is not perpendicular to the load, it becomes an oblique plane. On this inclined plane, the stress state includes both normal stress and shearing stress. Shearing stress acts parallel to the area and changes shape without changing...

stress: general loading conditions

Stress Components on a Loaded Body

Stress components on a loaded body can be found by cutting the body through a point with a plane parallel to the xy plane. That section carries the original loads, along with normal forces and shearing forces. The result is a simple way to describe how a structure responds under combined loading. The shearing force in the section can point in different directions within the plane. It is split into two parts that run parallel to the x and y axes. Each part is divided by the area, and as that...

components of stress

Stress Components on a Cube at a Point

Stress components on a small cube help describe how a body behaves under multiple loading. The cube is centered at point O and has stress acting on all six faces, whether the faces are visible or hidden. Normal stress components σx, σy, and σz act perpendicular to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components also act on the cube faces. The visible faces carry shear stresses such as τxy and τxz. The hidden faces carry equal and opposite stresses. This balance keeps the cube in equilibrium.

design consideration

Safety Factors in Structural Design

Safety factors in structural design help engineers choose a material and loading limit that can be used safely. The process begins with a material’s ultimate strength. This value comes from tests that increase force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load is then divided by the original cross-sectional area to find the ultimate normal stress, or strength. Ultimate shearing stress is another key value used in design. These limits show how much stress a material...

key terms and concepts

Learn how axial loading creates normal and shearing stress on inclined sections, and how plane angle changes the stress state in materials.

Axial Load Stress on Inclined Sections | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering offers concise, easy-to-understand animated videos covering key topics such as equilibrium, forces, truss analysis, and structural mechanics. Explore their real-world applications, and witness these concepts in action through scientist-led experiments.

mechanical engineering

Axial Load Stress on Inclined Sections

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