Name: manometers and gauges for fluid pressure
Uploaded: 2025-02-13T15:43:11.000Z
Duration: 1 min 16 s
Channel: JoVE

يتم قياس ضغط السائل باستخدام أعمدة سائلة في أنابيب ، إما عموديا أو عند ميل ، تسمى مقاييس الضغط. يحدد ارتفاع العمود السائل فرق الضغط.
أبسط مقياس ضغط هو أنبوب مقياس الضغط المستخدم لقياس الضغط. إنه أنبوب عمودي مفتوح في الأعلى ومتصل بوعاء ، باستخدام نفس السائل للإشارة إلى الضغط في الأنبوب.
مقياس الضغط الآخر شائع الاستخدام هو مقياس ضغط الأنبوب U ، والذي يتكون من أنبوب على شكل حرف U متصل بمصدر السائل. يحتوي على سائل مختلف يسمى سائل القياس ، والذي لا يختلط مع السائل الذي يتم قياس ضغطه.
يحتوي مقياس ضغط الأنبوب المائل على ساق واحدة مائلة ، ويحتوي على سائل قياس لا يختلط مع السائل المقاس ، ويتم قراءة فرق الضغط على طول المنحدر لزيادة الحساسية.
تستخدم مقاييس الضغط الأنبوبية على شكل حرف U والأنبوب المائل بشكل شائع لقياس فرق الضغط بين حاويتين أو نقطتين داخل النظام.
تشمل مقاييس الضغط الأخرى مقياس بوردون ، الذي يقيس ضغط السوائل أو الغازات ، ومقياس التباين ، الذي يقيس الضغط الجوي.

قياس ضغوط السوائل

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

<div style="direction:rtl">يتم قياس ضغوط السوائل عادة باستخدام جهاز يسمى بمقياس الضغط او المانومتر، والذي يعتمد على أعمدة السوائل للإشارة إلى فرق الضغط. يعبر ارتفاع عمود السائل في المانومتر عن مقدار الضغط الذي يمارسه السائل، مما يمثل وسيلة قياس بسيطة وفعالة. تخدم أنواع مختلفة من المانومترات أغراضًا محددة بناءً على تصميمها وانواع السوائل التي يتم قياس ضغطها. يعد البيزوميتيرهوابسط اشكال مقاييس الضغط ، وهو عبارة عن أنبوب رأسي مفتوح من الأعلى ومملوء بنفس السائل الذي يتم قياس ضغطه. عند توصيله بوعاء يحتوي على سائل، يرتبط ارتفاع السائل في الأنبوب بصورة طردية بالضغط داخل الحاوية. للتطبيقات الأكثر تعقيدًا، يتم استخدام المانومترالأنبوبي على شكل حرف U وهو عبارة عن أنبوبًا على شكل حرف U مملوءًا بسائل قياسي لا يختلط بالسائل الذي يتم قياس ضغطه. يسمح هذا الجهاز بقياس فرق الضغط بين نقطتين. يمثل المانومتر الأنبوبي المائل شكل آخر من المانومترات ، وفيه يكون أحد الفرعين مائلاً. يعمل هذا الفرع المائل على زيادة دقة القياس عن طريق تمديد تدرج القياس على طول الميل، مما يسمح بقراءات دقيقة لفروق الضغط الصغيرة. بالإضافة إلى المانومترات، هناك أدوات أخرى لقياس ضغوط الموائع والضغط الجوي. على سبيل المثال، يستخدم مقياس بوردون على نطاق واسع لقياس ضغوط الغازات أو السوائل في تطبيقات صناعية مختلفة، بينما يقيس البارومتر اللاسائلي الضغط الجوي ويُستخدم عادة في التنبؤ بالطقس وقياس الارتفاع.</div>

يتم قياس ضغط السائل باستخدام أعمدة سائلة في أنابيب ، إما عموديا أو عند ميل ، تسمى مقاييس الضغط. ارتفاع العمود السائل ...

Education

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

الهندسة المدنية

Unit 1

الوحدة الأولى

Fluid Statics

استاتيكا الموائع

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

المصطلحات والمفاهيم الأساسية

manometers and gauges for fluid pressure

Fluid pressure is measured with manometers and related gauges. These tools use a liquid column to show pressure differences. The height of the column gives a simple reading of the force the fluid exerts.

A basic manometer is the piezometer. It is a vertical tube that is open at the top and filled with the same fluid being measured. When the tube connects to a container, the fluid height in the tube matches the pressure inside that container.

For more detailed measurements, the U-tube manometer is used. It has a U-shaped tube filled with a gauge fluid that does not mix with the fluid being measured. This setup is useful for measuring the pressure difference between two points.

The inclined-tube manometer is another form of manometer. One leg of the tube is tilted. This incline makes the scale stretch out, so it is easier to read very small pressure differences.

Other pressure tools are also used in practice. The Bourdon gauge measures gas or liquid pressure in many industrial settings. The aneroid barometer measures atmospheric pressure and is used in weather forecasting and altitude measurements.

Manometers and Gauges for Fluid Pressure

concept of pressure at a point

Fluid Pressure at One Point

Fluid pressure at one point is the focus of this lesson. It shows that pressure in a fluid is the same in every direction at a single location. This happens because fluid molecules move randomly and collide with nearby molecules in a balanced way. At a given point, the pressure depends on the surrounding fluid molecules. It is affected by depth and density, not by the shape of the container or the way the fluid is oriented. In a fluid at rest, the pressure acts equally in all directions...

basic equation for pressure field

Pressure Balance in a Fluid Element

The pressure field equation describes how forces stay balanced inside a small fluid element. In fluid mechanics, this balance helps explain how pressure changes from one place to another within a fluid. Two main force types act on a fluid segment: surface forces and body forces. Surface forces come from pressure differences across nearby points in the fluid, so they depend on the local pressure gradient, which is the rate of pressure change with position. Body forces are spread through the...

pressure variation in a fluid at rest

Hydrostatic Pressure and Fluid Depth

Hydrostatic pressure describes how pressure changes with depth in a fluid at rest. In a stationary fluid, the fluid acceleration is zero, so the forces inside the fluid balance. That means pressure at a point below the surface depends on depth, not on the container’s shape or size. Only vertical forces affect the pressure change in this situation. These forces come from the weight of the fluid above a point. When pressure is compared at two different levels, the difference in pressure equals...

measurement of fluid pressure

Fluid pressure is measured with manometers and related gauges. These tools use a liquid column to show pressure differences. The height of the column gives a simple reading of the force the fluid exerts. A basic manometer is the piezometer. It is a vertical tube that is open at the top and filled with the same fluid being measured. When the tube connects to a container, the fluid height in the tube matches the pressure inside that container. For more detailed measurements, the U-tube...

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hydrostatic-pressure-force-on-a-plane-surface

Hydrostatic Pressure on Submerged Surfaces

Hydrostatic pressure creates force on submerged plane surfaces. The force depends on the fluid pressure and the area of the surface. The way that force acts changes with the surface position. For a horizontal surface, the depth stays the same across the whole area. That means the pressure is uniform. The resultant force equals the pressure at that depth multiplied by the surface area, and it acts through the centroid of the surface. For a vertical surface, pressure increases as depth...

hydrostatic pressure force on a curved surface

hydrostatic-pressure-force-on-a-curved-surface

Finding the Force on Curved Fluid Surfaces

Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is an important idea in fluid mechanics. It helps explain how water pushes on curved structures in civil engineering. Examples include reservoirs, dams, and storage tanks. The pressure changes in both size and direction along the curve. To find the total hydrostatic force on a curved surface, engineers isolate the fluid volume next to that surface. They then study the forces on imaginary horizontal and vertical planes that cut through the volume. The...

buoyancy and stability for submerged and floating bodies

buoyancy-and-stability-for-submerged-and-floating-bodies

How Buoyancy Keeps Bodies Stable in Water

Buoyancy and stability explain how submerged and floating bodies behave in a fluid. When a body is fully or partly under water and stays still, the fluid pushes upward on it. That upward push is called the buoyant force. The buoyant force acts through the center of buoyancy. This is the center of the displaced fluid volume. Archimedes’ principle says the buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. Stability describes whether a body can return to its original position...

design example: application of archimedes' principle

design-example-application-of-archimedes-principle

Floating Block Buoyancy and Center of Buoyancy

Archimedes' principle is used to analyze the buoyant force on a wooden block that floats in seawater. The block has a rectangular section, and its dimensions, specific gravity, and the specific weight of seawater are used in the calculation. This setup shows how floating bodies stay in equilibrium. The first step is to find the weight of the block from its volume and specific gravity. Then Archimedes' principle is applied. The weight of the displaced water must equal the weight of the block.

key terms and concepts

Learn how piezometers, U-tube and inclined manometers, Bourdon gauges, and aneroid barometers measure fluid and atmospheric pressure in practical settings.

Manometers and Gauges for Fluid Pressure | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

civil engineering

Manometers and Gauges for Fluid Pressure

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