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Physical Examinations III
Testing Cranial Nerves VII-XII
Description
Cranial nerves VII-XII are tested as part of the neurological exam after the mental status evaluation. The examination begins with simple observations made during the first greeting. Facial weakness may already be visible, since the facial muscles are controlled by cranial nerve VII.
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Transcript
1. 颅神经VII:面神经
- 首先观察患者。如果存在面部不对称,需确定受累的一侧,这可能并不立即明显。需注意,大多数人均存在轻微的骨性面部不对称。单侧或双侧鼻唇沟变浅或睑裂增宽可能是面肌无力的细微体征。
- 以下操作用于检测面神经的运动功能。周围性面瘫(贝尔麻痹)表现为同侧上、下面部肌肉均出现单侧无力,而中枢性面瘫(如脑卒中所致)则以上面部肌肉不受累为特征,这是因为前额肌接受双侧皮质支配。
- 要求患者上抬双侧眉毛。观察患侧是否存在无法皱眉的情况。
- 让患者微笑或露齿,此时患侧无力会更加明显,因为患者可能无法完全上提同侧上唇,导致面部歪斜。
- 要求...
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