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Chemistry

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Chemistry

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Inorganic Chemistry

Ph3P-BH3 Adduct and Lewis Acids

Description

Chemistry uses models to explain patterns in reactivity, and acid-base definitions have changed over time. Substances have been grouped as acids and bases since ancient Greece. Early descriptions were based on taste. Acids were sour, like lemon juice and vinegar. Bases were used to neutralize acids. The word acid comes from ...

Transcript

在化学中,酸碱模型用于解释反应物的反应活性和特性变化趋势,这在设计合成路线时至关重要。

1894年,斯万特·阿伦尼乌斯(Svante Arrhenius)首次提出了酸和碱的概念,将其定义为在水中解离并分别产生水合氢离子或氢氧根离子的物质。

1923年,约翰内斯·布朗斯特(Johannes Brønsted)和托马斯·劳里(Thomas Lowry)根据物质在不同溶剂中提供和接受氢离子的能力,定义了酸和碱,从而提出了酸碱共轭对的概念。

同年,吉尔伯特·路易斯(Gilbert Lewis)提出了另一种定义,即根据物质提供和接受电子对的能力来定义酸和碱,而非质子的给予与接受。该模型拓展了酸碱概念的应用范围,将金属离子和主族元素化合物也纳入其中...

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