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Engineering

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Engineering

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Structural Engineering

Metal Fatigue in Bridges and Structures

Description

Metal fatigue in bridges and other structures develops when repeated loads weaken metal over time. The Silver Bridge collapse in Point Pleasant, West Virginia, in 1967 brought this problem into focus. The eyebar-chain suspension bridge over the Ohio River failed during evening rush hour, and 46 people died.

Transcript

在承受循环载荷的金属结构中,疲劳破坏可能在远低于结构极限强度的载荷下突然发生,且无明显预兆。这种行为难以通过模型预测,因此在实验室中评估材料的疲劳特性,并在实际应用中监测疲劳裂纹的发展至关重要。

1967年,俄亥俄河上的银桥坍塌事件使金属疲劳问题引起了工程界的广泛关注。该桥梁因腐蚀疲劳而发生脆性断裂,造成46人死亡。疲劳断裂发生在一个检查人员无法看到的眼杆连接处,可能源于制造缺陷。

当材料在远低于其极限强度(可能仅为极限强度的30%至40%)的应力下经历大量载荷循环时,可能发生疲劳破坏。此类循环载荷作用下的裂纹扩展与传播可导致突然的疲劳断裂,且几乎无预警迹象。疲劳是一个复杂的过程,影响疲劳抗力的因素众多。

高周次、低应力幅值条件通常出现在具有运动部件...

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