Name: attitude components in everyday life
Uploaded: 2020-02-12T11:07:44.000Z
Duration: 1 min 54 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Biology

BIO.3

BIO.3.C

Attitudes

人们对于生活的态度可能因其与某些事物的关联而有所不同。例如，某人可能心情低落：外面正在下雨，而她将这种天气与悲伤联系在一起。当她打开电视时，看到一群运动员正在表达喜悦之情：他们即将作为团队赢得一项梦寐以求的冠军头衔。

上述两种情况都描述了态度——即个体对某个人、地点、事物或事件进行积极或消极评价后所产生的感情、信念和行为模式。此处的态度属于外显态度——可被个体明确意识到并能公开表达。

幸运的是，人们的态度与其行为之间的相互作用可能是相互的。也就是说，态度可以影响行为——快乐的足球队知道自己很愉快，因此会继续赢得更多比赛——而行为也可能影响态度——这位女性可以在室内进行锻炼，以重新感到乐观。 

然而，有时个体并未意识到自己的真实态度，或不愿承认这些态度，尤其是当这些态度在社会上难以接受或具有争议性时，例如种族偏见和性取向问题。这类评估被称为内隐的——它们不会通过语言或公开行为表达出来，而是发生在意识觉察和控制范围之外。

尽管如此，人们可能表达出无偏见的观点，但仍可能心存负面态度。幸运的是，已有资源可用于检验内隐态度的普遍性和强度，并将其带入意识层面！

态度

态度&nbsp;是我们对某个人、某种观念或某个物体的评价。我们的态度涵盖诸多方面，从超市中可能选购的商品，到世界各地的人群，再到政治政策，无所不包。通常，态度具有积极或消极的倾向，即正面或负面（Eagly & Chaiken, 1993）。态度包含三个组成部分：情感成分（感受）、行为成分（态度对行为的影响）和认知成分（信念与知识；Rosenberg & Hovland, 1960）。

保持积极心态。

例如，您可能对回收利用持有积极态度。这种态度应会引发对回收利用的正面感受（例如“回收让我感觉良好”或“我很高兴知道自己在减少最终进入垃圾填埋场的废物量方面做出了微小贡献”）。当然，这种态度也应体现在行为上：您实际上尽可能经常地进行回收。最后，这种态度将反映在积极的认知中例如，“回收利用有利于环境。”或“回收利用是负责任的行为。”）

我们的态度和信念不仅受到外部力量的影响，也受到我们自身可控的内部因素的影响。与行为一样，我们的态度和想法并不总是因情境压力而改变，而是可以通过我们自身的自由意志有意识地加以改变。&nbsp;

&nbsp;

这&nbsp;改编自 <a href="https://cnx.org/contents/Sr8Ev5Og@10.16:MBKbyrYC@13/12-3-Attitudes-and-Persuasion" target="_blank">OpenStax，《心理学》。OpenStax CNX。</a>

态度是我们对一个人、一种观念或一个物体的评价。我们对许多事物都持有态度，这些事物范围广泛，从日常可能接触到的产品到……

Education

教育

JoVE Core

Social Psychology

社会心理学

Foundations of Social Psychology

社会心理学基础

Attitudes and Persuasion

态度与说服

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

关键术语与概念

attitude components in everyday life

Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. People hold attitudes about many things. These can include products from the supermarket, people around the world, and political policies. Attitudes are usually favorable or unfavorable, meaning positive or negative.

Attitudes also have three parts. The affective component is the feeling part. The behavioral component is the effect the attitude has on behavior. The cognitive component includes belief and knowledge. For example, a positive attitude toward recycling can create good feelings about recycling. It can also lead to the behavior of recycling as often as possible. It can also support thoughts such as, “Recycling is good for the environment” or “Recycling is the responsible thing to do.”

Attitudes and beliefs are shaped by both outside forces and internal influences that we can control. Like behavior, attitudes and thoughts are not always changed by situational pressure. They can also be changed consciously by our own free will.

Attitude Components in Everyday Life

attitudes

Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. People hold attitudes about many things. These can include products from the supermarket, people around the world, and political policies. Attitudes are usually favorable or unfavorable, meaning positive or negative. Attitudes also have three parts. The affective component is the feeling part. The behavioral component is the effect the attitude has on behavior. The cognitive component includes belief and knowledge. For example, a...

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Cognitive dissonance is psychological discomfort that happens when a person holds two or more inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. Social psychologists note that this conflict is especially likely to matter when it threatens a person's positive self-image. People often want to feel good about themselves, and a threat to self-esteem can shape what they do and what they believe. Psychologist Leon Festinger defined cognitive dissonance in 1957. His theory says that when...

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Persuasion changes attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through communication. People often meet persuasion from outside sources in everyday life. The topic has been studied closely in social psychology, especially through Carl Hovland’s work during World War II and later at Yale University. His work led to the Yale attitude change approach, which explains when people are likely to change their attitudes. The Yale attitude change approach shows that persuasion depends on the source, the message,...

persuasion strategies

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Persuasion strategies can shape what people buy and how they think or act. Researchers have tested these methods in many settings, including sales and behavior change. Two well-known examples are the foot-in-the-door technique and the door-in-the-face technique. The foot-in-the-door technique starts with a small request. If someone agrees to that first request, they are more likely to agree to a larger request later. This works through consistency, which is the tendency to stay in line with...

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Social proof is a persuasion tactic that shapes everyday choices through comparison and conformity. People often look at what others are doing and adjust their own actions to match the group. This response can happen quickly, especially when a behavior seems popular or widely accepted. A clear example comes from television laugh tracks. Fullery and Skeffington (1974) found that adding group laughter to material made people rate it as funnier, even when the content was not actually funny. In...

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Learn how attitudes include feelings, behavior, and beliefs, and how they shape views on people, ideas, objects, and everyday choices like recycling.

Attitude Components in Everyday Life | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Social Psychology offers a comprehensive learning experience on the principles of social behavior through concise, animated video lessons. The series explores key topics such as self-concept, social cognition, group dynamics, stereotypes, and relationships. It provides a structured foundation for understanding human behavior in social situations. Students gain insights into how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts while examining the psychological processes that influence interactions and judgments. By integrating theory with real-world applications, these lessons offer a clear and engaging approach to mastering essential concepts in social psychology.

social psychology

JoVE Core 社会心理学将我们社会生活的基础带入到现实生活当中。我们会通过 66 节简单明了且通俗易懂的动画视频课程，向您解释该领域的主要概念。此外，在另外 25 个科学家行动视频中，我们演示了在实验室中进行的经典和原始研究实验。

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Attitude Components in Everyday Life

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