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Acids and Bases

Proton Transfer in Acids and Bases

Description

Acids and bases can be understood through proton transfer. Early scientists described acids by their sour taste, their effect on dyes, and their reaction with limestone, which releases carbon dioxide. Robert Boyle also noted that acid solutions can lose these properties after contact with alkali, or base, solutions.

Transcript

阿伦尼乌斯酸是一种在水中溶解时 产生氢离子的物质,而阿伦尼乌斯碱 是一种产生 OH⁻或氢氧根离子的物质。盐酸是一种阿伦尼乌斯酸,因为当它溶解在水中时会 分解成氢离子和氯离子。氢氧化钠是一种阿伦尼乌斯碱,因为当它溶解在水中时会分解成 钠离子和氢氧根离子。然而,此定义不能用于描述 不在水溶液中的酸和碱或 不含氢氧根离子的碱。Brønsted 和 Lowry 给出的更广泛的定义是酸 作为一种氢离子或质子的供体,而碱是质子受体。当盐酸溶解在水中时,它作为一种酸向水中提供一个质子,产生一个氢离子和一个氯离子。当氨溶解在水中时,它作为一种碱 从水中接受一个质子,产生一个铵 离子和一个氢氧根离子。Brønsted-Lowry 酸总是与 Brønsted-Lowry 碱反应,反之亦然。当一种酸,例如醋...

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