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Potential Energy and Energy Conservation

Finding Force from Potential Energy

Description

Force can be found from potential energy when the energy is written as a function of position. For a conservative force, the force component in a given direction equals the negative derivative of the matching potential energy with respect to displacement. This means force and the slope of potential energy have opposite signs...

Transcript

保守力可以用势能来表示。

考虑一个物体在保守力作用下沿直线运动,该保守力是位置的函数。

现在,保守力所做的功等于其势能变化的负值。

所做的功也等于力与其引起的位移的乘积。

因此,物体所受的力等于势能变化量的负值除以位移。

负号表示保守力将系统拉向更低的势能。

对于非常小的位移,可以建立一维情况下的力和势能表达式。

为了验证力与势能之间的关系,可以考虑弹性势能的例子。当将其代入力与能量的关系式时,即可得到胡克定律的公式。

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