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Potential Energy and Energy Conservation

Potential Energy Diagrams and Stability

Description

Potential energy diagrams help describe how a mechanical system moves. Because energy is a scalar quantity, the system’s behavior is easier to interpret from the diagram. A skater on a parabolic ramp is a clear example. The ramp height changes with horizontal position, so the potential energy changes as well.

Transcript

能量图是当保守力作用于物体时,其势能随物体位置变化的函数图像。由于物体所受的净保守力作用,该系统的总机械能保持不变。

考虑一名滑冰者静止在高度为 y 的无摩擦抛物线形斜坡上的点 A 处。此时,滑冰者的重力势能等于 mgy,而其动能为零。

当滑冰者向下移动时,其势能随x2而减小。 

在斜坡底部,滑行者的势能变为零,而其动能达到最大值。

当滑冰者向点移动时 B此时,势能达到最大值,而动能趋近于零。

此外,由于斜坡无摩擦,滑冰者在斜坡底部会进行周期性往复运动。因此,作用在滑冰者上的力等于该时刻势能的负导数。

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