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Oscillations
Pendulum Motion and Period
Description
A simple pendulum is a small ball, or bob, hanging from a string that has negligible mass and does not stretch. Pendulums appear in everyday life, including clocks, swing sets, and a sinker on a fishing line. Their motion is a useful model for studying repeating movement.
The period of a simple p...
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Transcript
由一根无弹性且无质量的绳子悬挂一个质点的理想化模型被称为单摆。
考虑一个顶端通过固定在支点上的绳子自由悬挂的陀螺。它受到重力和绳子张力的作用。在平衡位置时,这两个力相互平衡。
当顶部发生微小角位移并释放后,它开始来回振荡,进行简谐运动。
在偏移位置,重力被分解为径向力和切向力。径向分量与绳子的张力相抗衡。作用在平面内的恢复力矩等于切向分量乘以绳长,使物体回到平衡位置。
在单摆中,恢复力与沿圆弧的位移成正比。通过修正简谐运动的方程,可得到单摆的周期。
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