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How Random Assignment Reduces Bias

Description

Random assignment helps researchers place participants into experimental and control groups. It gives each person an equal chance of being assigned to either group. This process is used to reduce selection bias and to balance known and unknown confounding factors, so the control group is as similar to the treatment group as ...

Transcript

随机化是一种统计学方法,指将参与者随机分配到实验组或对照组,确保每个参与者被选中的机会均等。

随机化有助于防止在受试者选择过程中,或在实验期间及之后可能出现的偏倚或偶然误差。

简单随机化方法通过抛硬币或掷骰子将样本分为两组。

然而,样本的特征(例如性别)可能影响结果,并作为区组变量。在这种情况下,需采用区组随机化方法,即根据性别将样本划分为不同的区组。然后,根据处理组别,将每个区组内的个体随机分配到更小的组中。

在分层随机化中,将预后变量(如性别和体重指数)进行分组并保持平衡。通过这两个协变量,可形成六种组合或分层。然后将各分层内的个体随机分配至治疗组或对照组。

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