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Current and Resistance
Current Flow in Simple Circuits
Description
Electrical current is the flow of charge in a circuit. A large current means a large amount of charge moves through a wire in a short time. A small current means only a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a longer time. Examples include the current needed to run a refrigerator and the smaller current used b...
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Transcript
电荷流动的速率即为电流。电流的国际单位制单位是安培,定义为每秒通过某一截面的电荷量为一库仑。
考虑一个带有开关、灯泡、电池和导线的手电筒。开关控制电路的通断,而导线则为各组件之间提供电流路径。
电路的示意图使用标准化符号和实线来表示各个电路元件及连接导线。
灯泡用一个内部带环的圆圈表示,该环代表灯丝。开关用两个带导电杆的点表示,电池则用一系列长短交替的线条表示。
当开关闭合时,手电筒会打开,因为电荷可以从电池的正极流向负极,形成一个完整的通路。
传统电流方向始终从正极流向负极,而电子流则从负极流向正极,因为电子带负电荷。
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