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Current and Resistance

Measuring Current, Voltage, and Resistance

Description

Ohm's law describes the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in many materials. In these cases, the current through a substance is directly proportional to the voltage applied to it. The idea was first shown experimentally by German physicist Georg Simon Ohm, who studied current in a metal wire.

Transcript

1827年,一位德国物理学家乔治·西蒙·欧姆通过实验验证了欧姆定律。

欧姆定律指出,在周围条件恒定时,通过材料的电流与器件两端的电压成正比。

任何遵循欧姆定律的材料称为欧姆材料,而不遵循欧姆定律的材料则称为非欧姆材料。

考虑另一个用于验证欧姆定律的实验装置,该装置包括一个电阻器、电源、开关、电压表和电流表。使用电压表测量电阻器两端的电压,使用电流表测量与电阻器串联的电流。

当电阻器连接到电源时,电流沿顺时针方向流动,电压表和电流表显示正值读数。相反,当电源的引线被调换时,电流沿逆时针方向流动,导致读数为负值。

绘制电压与电流读数之间的关系图,结果呈线性。该直线的斜率即为电阻值,由此可确认该电阻器为欧姆器件。

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