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Magnetic Forces and Fields

Charged Particle Paths in Magnetic Fields

Description

A charged particle in a magnetic field follows a path that depends on the direction of its velocity. When the field is uniform and the particle moves perpendicular to it, the magnetic field is the main factor that controls the motion, especially in a vacuum. The magnetic force is always perpendicular to the direction of moti...

Transcript

考虑一个质量为 m、带电荷 Q 的质点,垂直于均匀磁场 B 运动。

洛伦兹力的大小是恒定的,且始终垂直于其速度方向。因此,它不能改变速度的大小,只能改变其方向。因此,粒子的运动轨迹是一个半径为 r 的圆。

根据牛顿第二运动定律,洛伦兹力等于向心力。因此,可计算出该圆的半径。

粒子圆周运动的周期 T 等于路径周长除以速度。将 r 的值代入后,可得到 T

如果速度方向不垂直于磁场,则平行于磁场的分量不受影响,从而产生沿磁场方向的匀速运动。因此,粒子将沿螺旋轨迹运动。

在半径公式中,代入了速度的垂...

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