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Magnetic Forces and Fields

Current and Magnetic Field Around a Wire

Description

A current-carrying wire creates a magnetic field around it, and moving charges feel a force in that field. Because the magnetic field produced by moving charges is proportional to current, the wire itself acts as a source of magnetic field. A compass placed near the wire shows this effect by lining up tangentially around the...

Transcript

考虑将一个指南针放置在载流导体附近。指南针的指针会受到一个力的作用,并沿围绕导体的圆周的切线方向排列。因此,在导体周围会形成同心的磁力线环。

导体产生的磁场方向可通过右手定则确定:拇指指向电流方向,弯曲的手指指向磁场方向。

若磁场方向垂直于平面向外,则用一个点表示;若磁场方向垂直于平面向内,则用一个叉表示。

考虑处于均匀磁场中的载流导体的一个无穷小段。若 n 为自由电荷的数密度,则可确定该段中的电荷载流子数量。

根据漂移速度公式,可以确定单个电荷所受的磁力以及该截面内的总磁力。

假设无穷小段的长度方向与漂移速度方向相同,则可确定载流导体所受的力。

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