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The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Why Lighter Gases Escape Earth First
Description
Earth’s escape velocity is the speed an object needs to leave gravity behind. Near the top of the atmosphere, about 100 km above Earth, that speed is 11.1 km/s. Gas molecules can escape only if their speeds become high enough to reach that limit.
The chance of escape depends on gas temperature an...
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Transcript
逃逸速度是指无推进物体脱离主天体引力影响所需的最小速度。地球的逃逸速度大小为 11.1 km/s。
氢分子的方均根速度等于地球逃逸速度时的温度是多少?
根据气体动理论,任何气体的平均动能与其温度相关。通过将氢气的摩尔质量与阿伏伽德罗常数相除,可计算出氢分子的质量。
现在,重新整理动能方程并代入已知量,即可计算出达到逃逸速度所需的温度。
估计的温度比地球大气层高海拔处的温度高出几个数量级。这意味着氢分子无法从地球大气层中逃逸。
然而,在多次碰撞过程中,大量氢分子获得了逃逸速度,导致氢从地球大气中流失。
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