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Stable Equilibrium Through Potential Energy

Description

Potential energy helps determine when a mechanical system is stable at equilibrium. When a system is acted on by gravitational and elastic forces, its total potential function is the algebraic sum of gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy.

If the system is already in equilibr...

Transcript

考虑一个无摩擦的弹簧质量系统,其位置由一个自变量定义。在这里,势能是重力势能和弹性势能之和,其变化的负数等于在系统上所做的功。

如果系统处于平衡状态并发生虚拟位移,则所做的功可以替换为虚拟功。

从虚拟功的原理来看,所有虚拟位移的功都为零,因此势能的变化也为零。对于小的虚拟位移,势能用其带有位置坐标的一阶导数来表示。

由于虚拟位移不为零,因此势能的一阶导数必须为零。因此,当其势能的一阶导数为零时,系统处于平衡状态。

将此准则应用于弹簧质量系统可得出其平衡位置。

如果势能取决于几个自变量,则每个坐标的势能的偏导数必须为零才能达到平衡。

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