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Sound
Sound Pressure in Longitudinal Waves
Description
Sound waves are longitudinal waves that create changing pressure in a medium. Their displacement amplitude can be modeled as a function of position and time. As one column of the medium moves, nearby columns also move. The difference between these successive displacements produces a pressure change compared with the surround...
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Transcript
考虑声音在介质中传播。纵向扰动在其连续的柱体之间产生压力差,随后这些柱体发生振荡。
考虑介质中一个未受扰动的圆柱体,其沿 x 轴方向的横截面积为 A。其纵向位移由 y 表示,是一种波函数。
当波传播时,其在 x-1 和 x-2 处的端点分别被位移了 y-1 和 y-2。如果后者更大,圆柱体会膨胀,压力则从周围压力下降。
其初始体积已知,体积的变化量通过推导得出,进而获得体积的分数变化量。
回顾体积模量的定义,由此可得到表压。经简化后,可观测到表压呈现为一种波。
在位移为零的位置,计示压强最大;...
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