go to jove.com

HIGH SCHOOL

Engineering

Concept Videos

Mechanical Engineering

This is a free preview. For full access

Stress and Strain - Axial Loading

Stress-Strain Limits in Materials

Description

Stress-strain limits in materials explain how solids respond when force is applied. Stress is the applied force per area, and strain is the change in shape or size that results. In the elastic range, strain stays directly proportional to stress. The constant that connects them is called the modulus of elasticity, or Young's ...

Transcript

胡克定律指出,在弹性限度内,材料所受的应力与其产生的应变成正比。对于延性材料,弹性限度通常与屈服点一致。

比例常数称为弹性模量,由于应变是无量纲量,因此弹性模量的单位与应力相同。

结构金属的物理性能受其制造工艺的影响。纯铁和三种不同等级钢的应力-应变曲线在屈服强度、极限强度和断裂点方面表现出显著差异。

然而,它们具有相同的弹性模量:在线性范围内,它们的刚度相同。因此,如果在尺寸相同的结构中用高强度钢材替代低强度钢材,其承载能力将得到提高。

对于各向同性材料(如金属),应力-应变关系与载荷方向无关。然而,对于各向异性材料(如纤维增强复合材料),弹性模量在平行于纤维和垂直于纤维的方向上存在显著差异,导致材料对载荷的抵抗能力不同。

More videos by Standards