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Mechanical Engineering

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Stress and Strain - Axial Loading

Material Strain Under Axial Loading

Description

Poisson's ratio describes how a material changes shape when it is pulled or compressed along one direction. It links the strain in the direction of the force to the strain that happens sideways. When a slender bar is loaded axially, it stretches along the load and contracts laterally.

Poisson's r...

Transcript

当细长杆受到轴向载荷时,杆材料会受到轴向应变,导致其沿轴向变形。

同时,材料还受到横向应变,在垂直于轴向载荷的方向上变形。

假设该材料是均匀的和各向同性的,使其机械性能与位置和方向无关。因此,任何横向的应变都必须具有相同的值。

泊松比是一个基本常数,定义为给定材料施加的载荷引起的横向应变和轴向应变的负比。

使用的负号是获得泊松比的正值,因为轴向应变和横向应变具有相反的符号。

高泊松比的材料在承受轴向载荷时往往会经历更大的横向收缩,而低泊松比的材料往往受到的影响较小。

例如,橡胶的泊松比接近 0.5,这意味着它经历的横向收缩几乎与轴向伸长一样大。

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