go to jove.com

HIGH SCHOOL

Engineering

Concept Videos

Mechanical Engineering

This is a free preview. For full access

Transformations of Stress and Strain

How Strain Gauges Measure Deformation

Description

Strain describes how a material deforms when a force is applied. Normal strain compares the change in length with the original length. Engineers use this measure to track stretching or compression in materials.

For higher accuracy, they often use electrical strain gauges. A strain gauge has a con...

Transcript

应变用于衡量材料的变形或位移。正应变通过比较施加载荷前后的长度来计算。

一种测量正应变更精确的方法是使用电阻应变片,它由粘贴在两张纸片上的细金属丝组成。

当材料伸长时,导线长度增加,直径减小,导致电阻增大。通过测量电流的这种变化,可精确测定应变。

通过测量经过某一点的各轴线方向上的正应变,可以确定该点的应变分量。沿这些轴线所形成夹角的角平分线方向进行第三次测量,可确定剪应变。

应变测量沿通过某一点的三条线进行,这三条线分别与水平轴形成一定的角度。

相应的应变测量值被代入正应变方程,以形成三个应变测量方程。

用于测量应变的应变片排列方式称为应变花,通常采用45°或60°配置。

Tags

Strain MeasurementNormal StrainElectrical Strain GaugesPiezoresistive EffectStrain Gauge RosetteMulti Directional StrainStructural AnalysisMaterials TestingPart ValidationMaterial Behavior