Name: wood surfacing for smooth, safe lumber
Uploaded: 2024-09-12T16:16:32.000Z
Duration: 1 min 14 s
Channel: JoVE

木材表面加工旨在获得更光滑的表面，确保尺寸更精确，并提高操作安全性。
在干燥过程中会发生收缩，因此在干燥前进行表面加工可使木材的尺寸略有增加，以补偿收缩。
在 seasoning 阶段发生的变形可以通过表面处理进行校正。
一种称为刨床的设备，其带有旋转刀片，用于在木材表面加工过程中使木材表面平整，并使边缘略微倒圆。
通常，木材会在四个侧面进行表面加工。一般来说，硬木仅在两个侧面进行表面加工，其余较粗糙的边缘则由木工在后续加工中完成处理。
木材表面应始终保持平整，车削物件必须呈现出明显的圆度，且边缘应始终完全平直。
打磨是用于使木材表面平滑的另一种常用方法。
建议始终沿木材纤维方向进行打磨，先使用较粗的砂纸，然后逐步过渡到更细的砂纸，以获得更光滑的表面。

木材表面处理

Wood Surfacing

木材表面处理是一种重要的精加工工艺，旨在使木材表面光滑、提高其尺寸精度并使处理更安全。该工艺通过在表面处理之前略微增加木材尺寸来补偿干燥阶段的潜在收缩。它还有助于纠正木材干燥时可能出现的一些扭曲。

表面处理过程中使用的设备是配备旋转刀片的刨床。该工具可以有效地平滑木材表面，并可以稍微使边缘变圆，从而增强木材的外观和处理过程中的安全性。通常，木材的四面都经过表面处理，以确保均匀和平整。然而，硬木通常只在两面进行表面处理，剩下的粗糙边缘由木工根据具体项目要求进行精加工。

成品的一致性至关重要；表面处理后的木材必须始终呈现平坦的表面。同样，任何车削的木制物品都应具有清晰的圆度，并且所有边缘都应完全笔直。另一种实现光滑表面的常用技术是打磨，这涉及使用逐渐变细的砂砾尺寸。打磨应始终沿着木纤维方向进行，以避免损坏表面并确保表面光滑。

通过这些方法，木材表面处理可确保木制品不仅美观，而且还符合建筑和木工项目的精确规格。

木材表面加工旨在获得更光滑的表面，确保尺寸更精确，并提高操作安全性。  
木材的尺寸略有增加……

Education

教育

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

土木工程

Unit 1

第一单元

Wood

木材

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

关键术语与概念

wood surfacing for smooth, safe lumber

Wood surfacing smooths lumber, improves its size accuracy, and makes it safer to handle. It is a key finishing step in woodworking and construction. The process also helps correct small distortions that can form as wood dries.

Before surfacing, the wood may be sized slightly larger to account for shrinkage during seasoning, which is the drying stage. A plane, a tool with rotating blades, is used to remove material and smooth the surface. The same tool can also round the edges a little, which improves both appearance and safety.

Lumber is usually surfaced on all four sides so the piece is flat and uniform. Hardwoods are often surfaced on only two sides, leaving the remaining rough surfaces for the woodworker to finish as needed. For any surfaced piece, the finished result should be flat. Turned wooden objects should be clearly round, and edges should be straight.

Sanding is another way to create a smooth finish. It uses grit sizes that become finer step by step. Sanding should always follow the direction of the wood fibers to avoid damaging the surface and to leave a smoother result.

Wood Surfacing for Smooth, Safe Lumber

introduction to wood

Wood Structure and Uses in Building

Wood is a construction material made from trees. A tree trunk has several layers. The outside is a protective layer of dead bark. Under that is living bark, then the cambium, then sapwood. As sapwood matures, it becomes heartwood. The pith sits at the center of the trunk. The age of a tree can be read from its growth rings. These rings are concentric bands seen in a trunk cross-section. Wood strength also depends on grain. Grain refers to elongated, tubular cells that run along the length of...

softwoods and hardwoods

Wood Grain in Softwoods and Hardwoods

Softwoods and hardwoods come from different kinds of trees, and their leaf structures and cell makeup help explain how they are used. Softwoods come from cone-bearing trees with needle-like leaves. Hardwoods usually come from trees that shed broad leaves seasonally. Softwoods are made mostly of long cells called tracheids and a smaller number of rays, which are radial cells. This simpler structure gives softwoods a rougher grain. Because of this, they are often used in construction for...

lumber

Lumber Cutting Methods

Lumber is made from logs that are harvested, debarked, and processed into long pieces with a rectangular cross-section. The process starts when an automated saw slices a log into slabs. Those slabs then move on a conveyor belt to smaller saws, where they are cut into square-edged pieces of specific widths. Freshly cut lumber usually has rough surfaces. Its dimensions may also vary slightly from one end to the other. The way wood is cut affects both the lumber’s appearance and how it is used. <br...

structural properties and dimensions of lumber

structural-properties-and-dimensions-of-lumber

Wood Strength Tests and Lumber Sizes

Wood strength depends on how its fibers are aligned along the length of the tree. This alignment gives wood much greater tensile strength along the grain than across it, sometimes up to twenty times higher. Wood also tends to perform better under compression than under tension. Fiber length varies by wood type. Hardwoods have fibers about one twenty-fifth of an inch long. Softwoods have longer fibers that range from one-eighth to one-third of an inch. Laboratory tests help measure how wood...

seasoning of wood

Wood Drying for Stronger Construction

Seasoning of wood is the drying process used to lower and stabilize moisture content before wood is used in construction. Fresh wood can swell when it takes in moisture and contract as it dries. Seasoning helps reduce that movement so the wood stays more stable after it is built into a structure. The main goal is to reach equilibrium moisture content. This is the point where the wood’s moisture level matches the moisture in the surrounding environment. When wood is seasoned properly, it is...

wood surfacing

Wood surfacing smooths lumber, improves its size accuracy, and makes it safer to handle. It is a key finishing step in woodworking and construction. The process also helps correct small distortions that can form as wood dries. Before surfacing, the wood may be sized slightly larger to account for shrinkage during seasoning, which is the drying stage. A plane, a tool with rotating blades, is used to remove material and smooth the surface. The same tool can also round the edges a little, which...

lumber defects

Common Wood Flaws in Lumber

Lumber defects are flaws in wood that can change both its appearance and its strength. These defects come from tree growth and from the way lumber is processed. Knowing the main defects helps explain why some boards are better for construction and manufacturing than others. Some defects begin in the tree itself. Knots form where branches were once attached to the trunk, and knotholes appear when those knots fall out. Decay and insect damage are also natural defects that can weaken wood and...

wood fasteners

Wood Fastener Types and Uses

Wood fasteners connect parts of a wood structure and help keep members in place. The strength of the connection depends mainly on direct bearing between the wood members. Different fasteners are chosen for different jobs and structural needs. Nails are the most common wood fasteners. They are sharp-pointed metal pins that are driven into wood with a hammer or a mechanical nail gun. Nails come in many diameters, head styles, and lengths. Nailing methods also matter. Face nailing places the...

veneer

How Veneer Is Cut and Used

Veneer is a thin sheet of wood that is usually about one-eighth of an inch thick or less. It is made to show the look of wood while using timber more efficiently. Veneer is common in furniture and other finished wood products. One common way to make veneer is rotary cutting. In this method, a log is mounted in a large lathe and spun against a knife edge. As the knife moves deeper into the turning log, it peels off a continuous strip of wood. This creates rotary-cut veneer. Other veneer...

wood products

Engineered Wood Products in Construction

Engineered wood products are made from wood strands, veneers, lumber, and even waste wood shreds. They are used in both structural and nonstructural building applications. These materials are designed to improve strength, durability, and versatility in modern construction. Glue-laminated wood, or glulam, is made by bonding several smaller pieces of dimensional lumber with adhesive. Cross-laminated timber uses solid lumber panels with layers placed so the grain direction alternates. This layer...

wood panel products

Types of Wood Panels in Construction

Wood panels are common construction materials used for flooring, siding, and roofing. They usually come in standard 4-foot by 8-foot sheets. Their thickness can range from one-quarter of an inch to one and one-eighth inches. Plywood is one of the most familiar wood panels. It is made by gluing thin wood veneers, or layers, under pressure. The outer veneer grain runs lengthwise, while the inner layers run widthwise. Plywood also has an odd number of layers, which helps keep the panel...

key terms and concepts

Learn how wood surfacing improves lumber size, smoothness, and safety using planes, four-side or two-side surfacing, and sanding with the grain.

Wood Surfacing for Smooth, Safe Lumber | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

civil engineering

Wood Surfacing for Smooth, Safe Lumber

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