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Biology

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Microbiology

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Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Flagella as Tiny Rotary Motors

Description

Bacterial flagella are thread-like structures that help cells move and respond to their surroundings. They extend from the cell envelope and support both motility and chemotaxis, which is the ability to move in response to chemical signals. Their design shows how bacteria use specialized structures to survive in different en...

Transcript

鞭毛是细长的丝状附属结构,从细胞质膜和细胞壁延伸而出,帮助细菌运动。

鞭毛有三个主要部分——丝状体、钩形结构和基体。

鞭毛的丝状部分(即鞭毛的可见部分)由鞭毛蛋白亚基以螺旋链形式排列构成。

它通过钩状结构与其基体相连。

基体由一根穿过一系列蛋白质环的中心杆构成。

革兰氏阴性细菌具有四个基体环结构。L环锚定于脂多糖层,P环嵌入肽聚糖层,而MS环和C环则分别连接于细胞质膜和细胞质。

革兰氏阳性细菌的基体仅包含MS环和C环。

基体作为一种由质子驱动力驱动的马达发挥作用,使鞭毛旋转,从而推动细菌自身运动。

除了运动性外,鞭毛还帮助细菌附着在表面,并在某些细菌中通过促进感染而增强其致病性。

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