Name: spinal cord structure and dermatomes
Uploaded: 2025-10-23T11:49:14.000Z
Duration: 1 min 54 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.25

The Spinal Cord

Das Rückenmark ist ein dicker Zylinder aus Nervengewebe, der einen Teil des zentralen Nervensystems umfasst und afferente sensorische Informationen von der Peripherie zum Gehirn und efferente motorische Informationen vom Gehirn zur Peripherie transportiert.
 Im Querschnitt erscheint die Graue Substanz im Inneren des Rückenmarks schmetterlingsförmig.
 Das ventrale Horn der Grauen Substanz enthält Motoneuronen.
 Es ist von weißer Substanz umgeben, mit Axongruppen von aufsteigenden und absteigenden Trakten.
 In der Mitte befindet sich ein zentraler Kanal, der Zerebrospinalflüssigkeit enthält, die das Nervengewebe versorgt.
 Das Rückenmark selbst ist von Membranen, den Spinalen Meningen, zu denen auch die Dura Mater zählt, umgeben.
 Am Hirnstamm verbunden, verläuft das Rückenmark durch das Foramen Magnum und die Knochenreihe der Wirbelsäule, bis es auf der Lendenebene von L1/2 endet und ein langes Nervenbündel bildet, die Cauda Equina.
 Es ist in Ebenen oder Regionen unterteilt, die durch die Position der Wirbel bestimmt werden, mit gepaarten Spinalnerven.
 So entspricht beispielsweise die Halswirbelsäule, Region C2 bis C7, den Nerven, die Hals, Schultern, Arme und Hände innervieren.
 Innerhalb jedes Wirbels treten Nervenwurzelpaare durch das Wirbelforamen in getrennte Zweige aus.
 Die ventrale Nervenwurzel zielt auf die Muskeln ab, um Bewegungen zu kontrollieren, während die dorsale Nervenwurzel die Haut innerviert, um ein Gefühl zu vermitteln.
 Jeder Bereich der Haut, der von einem bestimmten Spinalnerv durchdrungen wird, wird als Dermatom bezeichnet und auf Dermatomkarten dargestellt.
 Diese Karten sollen Ärzten helfen zu erkennen, woher ein bestimmter Schmerz oder eine bestimmte Hauterkrankung kommen kann.

Hochman, Shawn. "Rückenmark." Current Biology 17, Nr. 22 (20. November 2007): R950–55. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.10.014" target="__blank">Quelle</a>]

Ahuja, Christopher S., Satoshi Nori, Lindsay Tetreault, Jefferson Wilson, Brian Kwon, James Harrop, David Choi und Michael G. Fehlings. "Traumatische Rückenmarksverletzung – Reparatur und Regeneration." Neurochirurgie 80, Nr. 3S (1. März 2017): S9–22. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyw080" target="__blank">Quelltext</a>]

rückenmark

Das Rückenmark ist die Hauptnervenbahn des zentralen Nervensystems. Es übermittelt afferente sensorische Informationen von der Peripherie an das Gehirn und efferente motorische Informationen vom Gehirn an den Körper. Das menschliche Rückenmark erstreckt sich von der Öffnung an der Schädelbasis, dem Foramen magnum, bis zur Höhe des ersten oder zweiten Lendenwirbels.
 
 <h4>Eine Querschnittansicht</h4>
 
 Das Rückenmark ist zylindrisch und enthält sowohl die weiße als auch graue Substanz. In der Mitte befindet sich der Zentralkanal, der der Rest des Lumens von dem primitiven Neuralrohr ist und einen Teil des inneren Systems des Liquorraums darstellt. Im Querschnitt erscheint die den Zentralkanal umgebende graue Substanz schmetterlingsförmig.
 
 Die Flügel des Schmetterlings werden in das Hinterhorn (dorsal) und das Vorderhorn (ventral) unterteilt. Das Hinterhorn enthält sensorische Kerne, die sensorische Informationen weiterleiten. Das Vorderhorn enthält Motorneuronen, aus denen die Axone hervorgehen, die die Skelettmuskulatur innervieren.
 
 Die weiße Substanz umgibt die graue Substanz und enthält eine große Anzahl von myelinisierten Fasern. Die weiße Substanz ist in Bündeln angeordnet, die als Vorderstrang (Funiculus anterior), Seitenstrang (Funiculus lateralis) und Hinterstrang (Funiculus posterior) bezeichnet werden. Drei Membranen (die Rückenmarkshäute) umgeben das Rückenmark: die Pia mater liegt direkt an der Oberfläche des Rückenmarks. Gefolgt wird diese von der Arachnoidea und der Dura mater. Die Dura mater bildet die zähe äußere Hülle.
 
 <h4>Organisation</h4>
 
 Das Rückenmark wird in vier verschiedene Regionen unterteilt und ist segmentweise organisiert. Es gibt 31 Spinalnervenpaare, die aus dem Rückenmark austreten: acht vom Zervikalmark, 12 vom Thorakalmark, fünf vom Lumbalmark, fünf vom Sakralmark und eins vom Kokzygealmark.
 
 <h4>Dermatome</h4>
 
 Jeder Abschnitt der Wirbelsäule innerviert eine andere Körperregion und wird auf der Haut als Dermatom dargestellt. Als Dermatom bezeichnet man ein Hautareal, das von einem peripheren Nerv versorgt wird, der von einem einzelnen dorsalen Wurzelganglion ausgeht. Klinisch gesehen sind Dermatomkarten nützlich, um den Grad von Rückenmarksläsionen zu bestimmen und um periphere Nervenwurzel-Läsionen zu lokalisieren. Dabei ist jedoch zu berücksichtigen, dass die Dermatome benachbarter Wirbelsäulensegmente stark variieren und sich überlappen. Obwohl es 31 Spinalnervenpaare gibt, gibt es nur 30 Dermatome, da C1 in der Regel keine Spinalwurzel hat und daher dem ersten Dermatom C2 entspricht.

Rückenmark

Das Rückenmark ist der wichtigste Nerventrakt des Zentralnervensystems des Körpers und übermittelt afferente sensorische Informationen von der Peripherie an die ...

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KERNBEGRIFFE UND KONZEPTE

spinal cord structure and dermatomes

The spinal cord is the main nerve pathway of the central nervous system. It carries sensory signals from the body to the brain and motor signals from the brain to the body. It begins at the foramen magnum, the opening at the base of the skull, and extends to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.

In cross-section, the spinal cord is cylindrical and contains both gray matter and white matter. The central canal lies in the middle and is a remnant of the lumen of the primitive neural tube. It is part of the internal system of cerebrospinal fluid cavities. The gray matter around it has a butterfly shape. Its dorsal horns contain sensory nuclei that relay sensory input, and its ventral horns contain motor neurons that send axons to skeletal muscle.

White matter surrounds the gray matter and contains many myelinated fibers. It is organized into longitudinal bundles called the dorsal, lateral, and ventral columns. Three membranes protect the spinal cord. The pia mater lies directly on its surface, the arachnoid lies outside the pia, and the dura mater forms the tough outer sheath.

The spinal cord is divided into four regions and is organized in segments. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves: eight cervical, 12 thoracic, five lumbar, five sacral, and one coccygeal. Each segment connects to a specific part of the body.

These body maps are called dermatomes. A dermatome is an area of skin supplied by a peripheral nerve from a single dorsal root ganglion. Dermatome maps help locate spinal cord lesions and peripheral nerve root lesions. The pattern is not exact, because adjacent dermatomes can overlap and vary. Although there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, there are only 30 dermatomes, since C1 usually has no spinal root and the first dermatome is C2.

Spinal Cord Structure and Dermatomes

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the spinal cord

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Explore spinal cord structure, gray and white matter, spinal nerve regions, and dermatomes with a clear high school biology focus.

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D. Most multicellular organisms are composed of organ systems whose structures reflect their particular function.

Spinal Cord Structure and Dermatomes

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