Name: how sunlight shapes daily weather
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:42.000Z
Duration: 1 min 7 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

NC K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

ecosystems-interactions-energy-and-dynamics

Ecosystems- Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

LS.Bio.5.2

What is Weather?

Wetter bezieht sich auf die Bedingungen, die in der Atmosphäre über kurze Zeiträume herrschen, und wird durch die Interaktionen zwischen der Sonne, Atmosphäre, Ozean und dem Land beeinflusst.
 Solarenergie gelangt in die Atmosphäre und wird dann vom Land und Oberflächen-Wasser absorbiert, was dann Infrarot-Wärmestrahlung ausstößt; die Luft erwärmt.
 Weniger dichte warme Luft nahe der Erdoberfläche steigt dann und kreiert vertikale Ströme zur oberen Atmosphäre, die niedrigeren Druck hat.
 Daraus resultiert, dass die Luft kühler und dichter wird, wodurch sie wieder fällt, ein Prozess namens Luft-Konvektion.
 Dieser lokale atmosphärische Prozess kombiniert mit der dynamischen Neigung der Erde zur Sonne hin kreiert Veränderungen in Druck, atmosphärische Temperatur, und Niederschlag, jeden Tag, Woche und Monat.
 Diese Faktoren variieren also, und je nachdem wo Sie auf der Erdoberfläche sind, ist das Wetter anders.

Ettema, Dick, Margareta Friman, Lars E. Olsson und Tommy Gärling. "Auswirkungen von Jahreszeit und Wetter auf die reisebezogene Stimmung und Reisezufriedenheit." Frontiers in Psychology 8 (6. Februar 2017). [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00140" target="__blank">Quelle</a>]

was ist das wetter?

<h4>Überblick</h4>
 
 Wetter bezieht sich auf den aktuellen Zustand der atmosphärischen Bedingungen zu einer bestimmten Zeit und an einem spezifischen Ort. Das Wetter ist temporär und wird durch Wechselwirkungen zwischen Sonne, Atmosphäre (Gase um die Erde), Hydrosphäre (die Wassergebiete der Erde) und Geosphäre (der Landteil der Erde) beeinflusst. Da all diese Faktoren sich von Ort und Zeit unterscheiden, herrscht auf dem gesamten Planeten unterschiedliches Wetter zur selben Zeit.
 
 <h4>Sonnenstrahlung und der Treibhauseffekt</h4>
 
 Die Sonnenstrahlung durchdringt die Atmosphäre und interagiert mit dem Oberflächenwasser und den Landmassen. Diese Oberflächen geben die Energie als Wärmestrahlung oder Wärme ab und erwärmen die Luft. Die Wärme entweicht entweder durch die Atmosphäre zurück in den Weltraum oder wird von bestimmten atmosphärischen Gasen in der Atmosphäre gefangen, wodurch der Planet kontinuierlich erwärmt wird. Diese Retention der Wärme in der Atmosphäre wird als Treibhauseffekt bezeichnet. Sogenannte Treibhausgase speichern mehr Wärme als andere Gase.
 
 Warme Luft ist weniger dicht als kalte Luft und somit steigt warme Luft auf. Die aufsteigende Luft erzeugt vertikale Strömungen in der oberen Atmosphäre, die einen niedrigeren Luftdruck hat. Wenn sich die Luft weiter von der Quelle der Wärmestrahlung entfernt, beginnt sie sich abzukühlen, wird somit dichter und sinkt wieder. Dieser Prozess wird auch als Konvektion (Wärmeübertragung) bezeichnet.
 
 <h4>Tägliches Wetter</h4>
 
 Das Wetter wird normalerweise anhand von sechs Parametern gemessen: Temperatur, Luftdruck, Wind, Feuchtigkeit, Niederschlag und Bewölkung. Meteorologen messen diese Werte und prognostizieren das Wetter für die nahe Zukunft anhand von Trends von früheren Beobachtungen. Der Luftdruck beispielsweise spiegelt das Gewicht der darüber liegenden Atmosphäre wider. Ein hoher Luftdruck ist normalerweise mit kühleren Temperaturen und einem klarem Himmel verbunden, während ein niedriger Luftdruck mit warmen Wetter und Stürmen verbunden ist. Die Beobachtung der Zu- oder Abnahme des atmosphärischen Drucks ermöglicht den Meteorologen, kurzfristige Vorhersagen zu treffen ob man können einen Regenschirm mitnehmen sollte oder ob man einen sonnigen Tag erwarten kann.
 
 <h4>Extreme Wetterereignisse</h4>
 
 Extreme Wetterereignisse sind zum Beispiel Hitze- und Kältewellen, Orkane, Tornados, Dürren und Überschwemmungen. Diese Ereignisse kommen oft plötzlich und sind daher schwieriger vorherzusagen. Extreme Wetterereignisse werden für einen bestimmten Ort normalerweise in Bezug auf die historische Verteilung der beobachteten Bedingungen beschrieben. Anhand dieser historischen Aufzeichnungen deutet die Forschung darauf hin, dass der anthropogene Klimawandel zu einer Zunahme der Häufigkeit und Intensität der täglichen Temperatur- und Niederschlagsextreme geführt hat. Darüber hinaus weisen Klimamodelle darauf hin, dass die Erde im Zuge des Klimawandels mehr extreme Wetterereignisse erleben wird, wie z.B. anhaltende sommerliche Temperaturextreme in den nördlichen Breitengraden.

Was ist das Wetter?

Überblick

Wetter bezieht sich auf den aktuellen Zustand der atmosphärischen Bedingungen zu einer bestimmten Zeit und an einem bestimmten Ort. Das Wetter ist vorübergehend und wird von der ...

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how sunlight shapes daily weather

Weather is the current state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. It is temporary and changes from one location to another. Weather is shaped by the interaction of the sun, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.

Solar radiation reaches Earth and interacts with water and land. These surfaces release that energy as thermal radiation, or heat, which warms the air above them. Some of that heat escapes back into space, but some is trapped by atmospheric gases. This heat retention is called the greenhouse effect, and greenhouse gases hold more heat than other gases.

Warm air is less dense than cold air, so it rises. As it rises into areas of lower atmospheric pressure, it cools, becomes denser, and falls again. This movement creates convection circulation, which helps move heat through the atmosphere.

Daily weather is measured using six main factors: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloudiness. Meteorologists track these conditions and use past observations to predict short-term weather changes. Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the air above us. High pressure is often linked to cooler temperatures and clear skies, while low pressure is often linked to warmer weather and storms. A rise or drop in pressure can help weather forecasters decide whether to expect sunshine or bring an umbrella.

Extreme weather events include heat waves, cold waves, hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, and floods. These events can happen suddenly, so they are harder to predict than day-to-day weather. Scientists describe them using historical records for a specific place. Research shows that human-caused climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of some daily temperature and precipitation extremes. Climate models also suggest more extreme weather in the future, including persistent summer extremes in northern latitudes.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather

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Learn how solar radiation, the greenhouse effect, convection, and air pressure shape daily weather, plus why extreme weather is harder to predict.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather | JoVE K12

JoVE Core series brings biology to life through over 300 concise and easy-to-understand animated video lessons that explain key concepts in biology, plus more than 150 scientist-in-action videos that show actual research experiments conducted in today’s laboratories.

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Die JoVE-Serie erweckt die Biologie durch über 300 prägnante und leicht verständliche animierte Video-Lektionen zum Leben, die Schlüsselkonzepte der Biologie erklären, sowie durch mehr als 150 Videos von Wissenschaftlern in der Praxis, die aktuelle Forschungsexperimente in den Labors von heute zeigen.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather

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