Name: gravity-driven free fall motion
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T10:51:06.000Z
Duration: 1 min 5 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Physics

motion-and-stability-forces-and-interactions

Motion and Stability- Forces and Interactions

PS.Phy.1.1

Free-falling Bodies: Example

Erinnern Sie sich daran, dass, wenn ein Objekt auf den Boden fällt und nur von der Schwerkraft beeinflusst wird, es sich im freien Fall befindet. Unter der Schwerkraft der Erde fällt ein Objekt mit konstanter Beschleunigung, die als Erdbeschleunigung bezeichnet wird.
Die kinematischen Gleichungen für konstante Beschleunigung werden verwendet, um die Probleme frei fallender Körper zu lösen.
Zum Beispiel wird ein Stein frei von der Spitze einer Klippe in einen Fluss fallen gelassen. Wie ist seine Position und Geschwindigkeit nach 5 Sekunden?
Die bekannten Größen sind die Anfangsposition, die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit, die Beschleunigung durch die Schwerkraft und die Zeit.
Unter Berücksichtigung der vertikalen Koordinate der y-Achse ist die Klippenspitze der Ursprung und die Aufwärtsrichtung negativ. Die unbekannten Größen sind die Position und Geschwindigkeit des Steins nach 5 Sekunden.
Setzt man die bekannten Werte in den kinematischen Gleichungen ein, erhält man 122,5 Meter als zurückgelegte Strecke und 49 Meter pro Sekunde als Geschwindigkeit des Steins.

freifallende körper: beispiel

Ein Objekt, das ohne jeglichen Luftwiderstand unter dem Einfluss der Gravitationskraft fällt, wird als freifallend bezeichnet. Für freifallende Körper ist die Beschleunigung aufgrund der Schwerkraft konstant, unabhängig von ihrer Masse. Der freie Fall tritt nicht nur bei nach unten fallenden Objekten auf, sondern auch bei allen Objekten, deren Bewegung allein von der Gravitationskraft beeinflusst wird. Die Dynamik der Bewegung des freien Falls kann mithilfe der kinematischen Bewegungsgleichungen berechnet werden, da die Beschleunigung des freien Falls konstant ist.

Die von allen Objekten im freien Fall erfahrene Beschleunigung ist konstant. Daher werden zwei Objekte, die von derselben Höhe und Position auf der Erde fallen gelassen werden, wenn der Luftwiderstand vernachlässigt wird, mit derselben Geschwindigkeit auf den Boden fallen. Ebenso wird die Zeit, die benötigt wird, um den Boden zu erreichen, wenn zwei Objekte nacheinander fallen gelassen werden, gleich sein. Die Geschwindigkeit des zuerst fallenden Objekts wird jedoch immer größer sein als die Geschwindigkeit des später fallenden Objekts.

Einige Beispiele für den freien Fall im echten Leben sind:

<ol>
	<li>Fallschirmspringen und Bungee-Jumping</li>
	<li>Ein Meteoroid, der sich zur Erdmitte beschleunigt</li>
	<li>Ein Raumschiff in der Erdumlaufbahn</li>
	<li>Die Projektilbewegung eines Objekts im zweidimensionalen Raum</li>
</ol>

Dieser Text ist angepasst von <a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-1/pages/3-5-free-fall">Openstax, University Physics Volume 1, Abschnitt 3.5: Freier Fall.</a>

Freifallende Körper: Beispiel

Ein Objekt, das ohne Luftwiderstand unter dem Einfluss der Schwerkraft fällt, wird als freier Fall bezeichnet. Für frei fallende Körper ist die ...

Education

Lehre

JoVE Core

Physik

Unit 1

Einheit 1

Motion Along a Straight Line

Bewegung entlang einer Geraden

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

KERNBEGRIFFE UND KONZEPTE

gravity-driven free fall motion

Gravity-driven free fall motion is the motion of an object when gravity is the only force acting on it and air resistance is absent. In this case, the object is in free-fall. The acceleration due to gravity stays constant, no matter how much the object weighs.

Free-fall is not limited to objects moving straight down. It also includes motion that is affected only by gravity. Because the acceleration is constant, the motion can be described with kinematic equations.

Objects dropped from the same height and location on Earth will reach the ground at the same speed if air resistance is neglected. If two objects are dropped one after the other, they will take the same time to fall. The object released first will still have a greater velocity than the object released later.

Free-fall appears in many real situations. Examples include skydiving and bungee jumping, a meteoroid moving toward Earth’s center, a spacecraft in Earth’s orbit, and the projectile motion of an object in two-dimensional space.

Gravity-Driven Free Fall Motion

position and displacement

Reference Frames and Motion in a Line

Position in straight-line motion depends on a frame of reference. A frame of reference is an arbitrary set of axes used to describe an object’s position and motion. It gives meaning to where something is located at a particular time. Earth is often used as the reference frame. In that case, we describe an object’s position relative to stationary objects on Earth. A rocket launch can be described this way. A cyclist’s position can also be described relative to the buildings they pass. <br...

average velocity

Average Velocity and Average Speed

Average velocity and average speed help describe motion in kinematics. To compare motion over time, we use the time variable. Time lets us track an object’s position and how fast that position changes. For motion between two points, each position x_i is paired with a time t_i. When the details of motion at each instant are not important, we use average velocity. Average velocity is a vector quantity, so it includes direction. It is found by dividing total displacement, Δx, by the time...

instantaneous velocity - i

Instantaneous Speed and Direction

Instantaneous velocity describes how fast an object is moving at a specific instant. It gives the motion of a particle at one point in time or at one point along its path. Average velocity over a time interval cannot show this level of detail. Instantaneous velocity, often written as v x , is the limit of average velocity as the elapsed time approaches zero. It can also be found as the derivative of x with respect to t . Like average velocity, it is a vector with dimensions of length per unit...

instantaneous velocity - ii

Instantaneous Velocity from Position Graphs

Instantaneous velocity describes how fast an object is moving at a specific moment along its path. It is the limit of average velocity as the elapsed time approaches zero. It can also be written as the derivative of displacement with respect to time. Like average velocity, instantaneous velocity is a vector, so it has both size and direction. Its units are length per unit time. Instantaneous velocity can be positive or negative. A position-time graph can show it at any point on the motion...

average acceleration

Average Acceleration and Velocity Change

Average acceleration describes how velocity changes over time. In physics, acceleration is not just about speeding up. It also includes slowing down and changing direction. Since velocity is a vector, it has both magnitude and direction. A change in velocity can come from a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. For example, a runner may travel at 10 km/h due east, stop, reverse direction, and then continue at 10 km/h due west. Even though the speed is the same, the velocity has...

instantaneous acceleration

Negative Acceleration and Instant Speed Change

Acceleration shows how velocity changes, and it does not always point in the same direction as motion. When an object slows down, its acceleration points opposite to its motion. This is often called deceleration, but that term can cause confusion because deceleration is not a vector and does not point in a specific direction in a coordinate system. A subway train is a simple example. When the train slows down, it is still accelerating, but the acceleration points opposite to the direction it...

kinematic equations - i

Velocity from Constant Acceleration

Velocity from constant acceleration shows how an object’s speed and direction change when the acceleration stays the same. The first kinematic equation connects initial velocity, acceleration, and time for motion with constant acceleration. It helps describe how velocity changes at a steady rate throughout the motion. The equation matches common sense in several cases. If acceleration is zero, the final velocity is the same as the initial velocity, so the object keeps a constant velocity. If...

kinematic equations - ii

Using the Second Kinematic Equation

The second kinematic equation relates an object’s final position to its initial position, its starting velocity, and the extra distance gained as velocity changes. It is used only when acceleration stays constant during the motion. That makes it useful for straight-line motion problems with a steady rate of acceleration. A car merging onto a 200 m freeway ramp is a good example. In the example, the car starts at 10 m/s and accelerates at 2 m/s². The known values are the distance, the initial...

kinematic equations - iii

Constant-Acceleration Kinematics Formulas

Constant-acceleration kinematics formulas connect an object’s motion when acceleration stays the same. They help describe how velocity and position change over time. These equations are useful for solving motion problems and for understanding the relationships among distance, time, velocity, and acceleration. The third kinematic equation does not use time as a variable. Instead, it gives final velocity in terms of acceleration and the distance over which that acceleration acts. The fourth...

kinematic equations: problem solving

Solving Constant Acceleration Motion Problems

Solving one-dimensional motion problems with constant acceleration starts with identifying the known quantities and choosing the right kinematic equation. A kinematic equation is a motion formula that relates displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time. Depending on what is known and unknown, you may need one equation or two equations to find the answer. In many problems, the number of equations needed matches the number of unknowns. Two-body pursuit problems are different. They always...

free-falling bodies: introduction

Gravity and Free-Fall Motion

Gravity and free-fall motion explain how objects move when only Earth’s gravity acts on them. In free-fall, the motion is caused by gravitational force, and air resistance is neglected. This means the object accelerates toward Earth’s center. This result is surprising because everyday experience includes friction and air resistance. We often expect lighter objects to fall more slowly than heavier ones. People held that idea until Galileo Galilei proved that mass does not change the...

free-falling bodies: example

Gravity-driven free fall motion is the motion of an object when gravity is the only force acting on it and air resistance is absent. In this case, the object is in free-fall. The acceleration due to gravity stays constant, no matter how much the object weighs. Free-fall is not limited to objects moving straight down. It also includes motion that is affected only by gravity. Because the acceleration is constant, the motion can be described with kinematic equations. Objects dropped from the...

velocity and position by graphical method

velocity-and-position-by-graphical-method

Acceleration Graphs for Motion Prediction

Acceleration graphs can be used to find velocity and position over time. The area under an acceleration-time graph gives the change in velocity. The area under a velocity-time graph gives the change in position, or displacement. A real example is an airplane using an inertial navigation system. Before takeoff, the pilot enters the airplane’s initial position and velocity. The system then uses acceleration data to calculate the airplane’s velocity and position during flight. When acceleration...

velocity and position by integral method

Finding Motion from Acceleration Data

Velocity and position can be found from acceleration using integral calculus. When acceleration is known as a function of time, the velocity function comes from integrating acceleration. The position function then comes from integrating velocity. For constant acceleration, these integral steps match the first and second kinematic equations for velocity and position. The example in this lesson uses a motorboat that is moving at 5.0 m/s and then begins to slow down as it approaches the dock. Its...

key terms and concepts

Learn how free fall works when gravity is the only force acting on an object, and see examples like skydiving, meteoroids, orbit, and projectile motion.

Gravity-Driven Free Fall Motion | JoVE K12

physics

JoVE Core Physics introduces the theory and application of fundamental physics topics, including kinematics, dynamics, fluid mechanics, statics, waves, and acoustics, with concise and easy-to-understand animated videos. Additionally, the scientist-in-action videos demonstrate the application of related concepts in classical and original research experiments performed in today's laboratories worldwide.

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Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

Motion

Problem Solving

Tennessee Academic Standards

High School

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

PHYS.PS2.5

PHYS.PS2.7

Energy

PHYS.PS3.3

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

Physical Science

PS.8

PS.8.a

PH.2

PH.2.b

Alabama Course of Study Science

9-12.P.1.1.b

Florida Department of Education

SC.912.P.12

SC.912.P.12.2

Georgia Standards of Excellence

SPS8.

Falling Objects

Position and Displacement

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Average Velocity

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PS.Phy.2.1

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Carry out investigations to explain the interactions of forces on an object according to Newton's Laws of Motion.

PS.Phy.2.2

Analyze the motion of objects using time, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration.

Gravity-Driven Free Fall Motion

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