Name: elements in the human body and periodic table
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T11:40:24.000Z
Duration: 1 min 27 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

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South Carolina College and Career Ready Science Standards

High School

Chemistry

Matter and Its Interactions

C-PS1-2

the-periodic-table-and-organismal-elements

The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements

Auf der fundamentalen Ebene besteht jede Materie aus Molekülen, die aus verschiedenen chemischen Elementen bestehen.
Elemente sind reine Substanzen, die nur eine Art von Atom bilden.
Das Periodensystem ist eine Standardreferenz in der Chemie, in der die Elemente nach ihrer aufsteigenden Ordnungszahl angeordnet sind.
Das spezifische Symbol, das für ein Element verwendet wird, sind oft die ersten ein oder zwei Buchstaben seines Namens. Die Symbole können auch aus dem lateinischen oder deutschen Namen eines Elements stammen. Zum Beispiel wird Natrium als Na für Natrium abgekürzt und Eisen wird als Fe für Ferrum abgekürzt.
96 % der biologischen Substanz besteht überwiegend aus vier Elementen: Sauerstoff, Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Stickstoff.
Die restlichen 4 % setzen sich aus Kalzium, Phosphor, Kalium, Schwefel und Eisen zusammen.
Während bei Tieren Kalzium für das gesunde Wachstum von Zähnen und Knochen unerlässlich ist, transportiert Eisen im Hämoglobin die Sauerstoffmoleküle von der Lunge zu den anderen Zellen des Körpers.
Darüber hinaus unterstützen Metallionen wie Magnesium, Mangan, Kupfer, Zink, Molybdän und Kalium die Enzyme dabei, verschiedene Stoffwechselreaktionen zu katalysieren.

das periodensystem und die organisatorischen elemente

Elemente sind kleinste Materieeinheiten, die durch chemische Prozesse nicht weiter zerlegt werden können. Es sind 118 Elemente bekannt, aber nicht alle davon kommen in der Natur vor und nur wenige von ihnen sind lebenswichtig. Lebende Materie besteht hauptsächlich aus Kohlenstoff, Stickstoff, Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff sowie kleineren Mengen anderer Elemente wie Kalzium, Phosphor, Kalium und Schwefel. Auch andere Elemente sind lebensnotwendig, allerdings nur in Spuren.

Das Periodensystem liefert Informationen über die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Elementen

Das Periodensystem ordnet Elemente nach ihren physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften. Jedes Quadrat im Periodensystem zeigt den vollständigen Namen, das chemische Symbol, die Ordnungszahl und das Atomgewicht eines Elements an. Die Ordnungszahl eines Elements entspricht der Anzahl der in seinem Kern vorkommenden Protonen und gibt Aufschluss über die Größe eines Elements. Elemente sind im Periodensystem hauptsächlich auf der Grundlage ihrer Ordnungszahlen in Spalten (Gruppen) und Zeilen (Perioden) organisiert. Sie werden auch nach anderen physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften gruppiert, beispielsweise nach Reaktivität, der Position ihrer äußersten Elektronen und der Fähigkeit, bestimmte Arten von Bindungen einzugehen. Elemente in derselben Gruppe (d. h. Spalte) variieren in der Größe, haben aber viele gemeinsame chemische Eigenschaften. Im Gegensatz dazu sind Elemente derselben Periode (d. h. Reihe) ähnlicher in der Größe und haben ihre Elektronen an einer ähnlichen Stelle, unterscheiden sich jedoch stark in ihren chemischen Eigenschaften.

Hauptelemente und Spurenelemente bilden den menschlichen Körper

Alles Leben auf der Erde enthält die Elemente Sauerstoff, Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Stickstoff. Genauer gesagt besteht der menschliche Körper zu 96 % aus diesen vier Elementen. Die restlichen 4 % bestehen hauptsächlich aus Kalzium, Phosphor, Kalium, Schwefel, Natrium, Chlor und Magnesium, in der Reihenfolge ihrer relativen Häufigkeit. Darüber hinaus sind einige Elemente für den Menschen essentiell, machen aber weniger als 0,01 % des Körpers aus; diese werden Spurenelemente genannt. Auch wenn sie nur in geringen Mengen vorhanden sind, sind Spurenelemente dennoch von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Gesundheit. Eisen spielt beispielsweise eine wesentliche Rolle in den roten Blutkörperchen und hilft dabei, Sauerstoff zu binden, damit dieser durch das Kreislaufsystem transportiert werden kann. Zu wenig Eisen kann zu einer Eisenmangelanämie führen, die zu Müdigkeit, Kurzatmigkeit, Schwäche und unregelmäßigem Herzrhythmus führt.

Einige Elemente sind schädlich für lebende Organismen

Einige Elemente haben bereits in geringen Dosen gesundheitsschädliche Auswirkungen. Quecksilber beispielsweise ist eines von mehreren Schwermetallen, die in kleinen Dosen – je nach betroffenem Gewebe – eine Reihe von Symptomen hervorrufen können und in höheren Dosen zum Tod führen. Es kann sich im Laufe der Zeit im Gewebe vielzelliger Organismen ansammeln, sodass eine wiederholte Exposition Anlass zur Sorge gibt. Schwermetallverunreinigungen gelangen häufig auf der Ebene der Primärproduzenten, also der Pflanzen, in das Nahrungsnetz, bevor sie Organismen auf höheren trophischen Ebenen wie den Menschen beeinträchtigen.

Das Periodensystem und die organisatorischen Elemente

Elemente sind die kleinsten Einheiten der Materie, die durch chemische Prozesse nicht weiter abgebaut werden können. Es gibt 118 bekannte Elemente, aber nicht alle davon sind ...

Education

Lehre

JoVE Core

Cell Biology

Zellbiologie

Unit 1

Einheit 1

Biochemistry of the Cell

Biochemie der Zelle

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

KERNBEGRIFFE UND KONZEPTE

elements in the human body and periodic table

Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. Scientists know 118 elements, but not all of them occur naturally. Only a small number are essential for life, and living matter depends mostly on carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen.

The periodic table organizes elements by their physical and chemical properties. Each square shows the element name, chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic weight. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus. It also helps describe an element’s size. Elements are arranged in columns, called groups, and rows, called periods. These patterns are based mainly on atomic number, but they also reflect reactivity, outer electron placement, and the kinds of bonds an element can form.

Elements in the same group share many chemical properties, even though they vary in size. Elements in the same period are more similar in size and have electrons in similar places, but their chemical properties can differ a lot. This makes the periodic table a useful tool for comparing how elements behave.

The human body is made mostly of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Together, these four elements make up about 96% of the body. The remaining 4% is mainly calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, listed in order of abundance. Some elements are needed in very small amounts. These are called trace elements, and they still matter for health.

Iron is one important trace element. It helps red blood cells bind oxygen so it can move through the circulatory system. Too little iron can cause iron-deficiency anemia. Symptoms can include fatigue, shortness of breath, weakness, and irregular heart rhythms.

Not every element is helpful to living organisms. Mercury is one heavy metal that can damage tissues even in small doses, depending on which tissue is affected. Larger doses can be deadly. Mercury can also build up in the tissues of multicellular organisms over time, so repeated exposure is a concern. Heavy metal contaminants often enter the food web through primary producers, such as plants, and then move to higher trophic levels, including humans.

Elements in the Human Body and Periodic Table

elements-in-the-human-body-and-periodic-table

the periodic table and organismal elements

Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. Scientists know 118 elements, but not all of them occur naturally. Only a small number are essential for life, and living matter depends mostly on carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. The periodic table organizes elements by their physical and chemical properties. Each square shows the element name, chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic weight. The atomic number is the number of protons...

functional groups

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Functional groups are the part of an organic molecule that gives it specific chemical behavior. They help explain why compounds with similar carbon skeletons can react in different ways. In organic chemistry, these groups are often used to classify compounds. A functional group can change the properties of a molecule and affect how it behaves in a reaction. Knowing functional groups helps students recognize patterns in organic compounds. It also makes it easier to compare molecules that share...

types of chemical bonds

Chemical Bonds and How Atoms Join

Chemical bonds hold atoms together and help explain how different substances form. In chemistry, the main bond types are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. Ionic bonds form when electrons move from one atom to another. Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where electrons are held in a shared arrangement that gives metals their characteristic behavior. Understanding these bond types helps students compare how atoms connect in different...

noncovalent attractions in biomolecules

Biomolecule Interactions Without Covalent Bonds

Biomolecules often stay together through noncovalent attractions instead of covalent bonds. These weaker interactions help molecules recognize each other and form structures needed for life. The main noncovalent attractions are hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. Each one works in a different way, but all of them can influence how biomolecules fold, bind, and behave in cells. Hydrogen bonds form when a hydrogen atom is attracted to...

polymers

Polymer Chains and Their Properties

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what are lipids?

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structure of lipids

How Lipid Molecules Are Built

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chemistry of carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Structure and Bonding

Carbohydrates are built from sugar units and the bonds that link them. Their chemistry explains how simple sugars join to form larger molecules. It also helps show why carbohydrates have different structures and functions. The video focuses on the main sugar types found in carbohydrates. These include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are single sugar units. Disaccharides contain two sugar units, while polysaccharides are long chains of many sugar units. The...

nucleic acids

DNA and RNA in Cells

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that help store and use genetic information in cells. They are key molecules in biology and are often studied together because they work as a pair in living systems. Nucleic acids are built from repeating units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide has a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The order of these bases carries the genetic code. There are two main nucleic acids: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, and RNA, or ribonucleic acid. DNA usually stores...

protein and protein structures

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ph regulation in cells

Cell pH and Organelle Balance

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chemistry of the cell

Cell Chemistry: Water, Ions, and Molecules

Cell chemistry explains the substances that make cells work. Water is the main component of cells, and it supports the chemical reactions that keep life going. Cells also contain organic molecules, which are carbon-based compounds, and inorganic ions, which are charged particles needed for cell function. Organic molecules in cells include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These molecules have different roles, but together they build cell structures, store energy, and carry...

key terms and concepts

Learn how the periodic table organizes elements, which elements make up the human body, and why trace elements like iron matter for health.

Elements in the Human Body and Periodic Table | JoVE K12

cell biology

JoVE Core Zellbiologie veranschaulicht komplexe zelluläre Prozesse in leicht verständlichen und dennoch umfassenden animierten Videolektionen. Diese Sammlung konzentriert sich auf die wesentlichen Bestandteile und Funktionen von Zellen, einschließlich Organellen und Membranen, Zelltransport und Zellenergie. Ergänzt wird sie durch Videos von Wissenschaftlern in Aktion, die die Anwendung der Zellbiologie in realen Forschungsexperimenten demonstrieren.

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C-PS1-1

Periodic Classification of the Elements

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Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are ...

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C-PS1-3.

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C-PS1-4

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C-PS1-5

Elements in the Human Body and Periodic Table

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