Name: types of structural supports
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T11:49:22.000Z
Duration: 1 min 30 s
Channel: JoVE

In der Mechanik erfährt ein koplanares Kraftsystem verschiedene Arten von Reaktionen zwischen dem Kontaktpunkt und den Stützen.
Die Stütze verhindert die translatorische Bewegung des Systems, indem sie eine gleiche und entgegengesetzte Kraft aufbringt. Es verhindert auch die Drehung des Systems, indem es ein paar Momente in die entgegengesetzte Richtung anwendet.
Die Rollenstütze ermöglicht es, die Struktur nur in eine Richtung zu verschieben. Die Reaktion an der Rollenstütze ist eine einzelne Kraft, die senkrecht zum Lager wirkt.
Eine Stiftstütze ermöglicht nur die Drehung des Trägers, wodurch seine Translationsbewegung eingeschränkt wird. Es erzeugt eine Reaktion auf die ausgeübte Kraft in der Ebene senkrecht zur Achse des Stifts. Diese Kraft kann in ihre rechteckigen Bestandteile aufgelöst werden.
Eine feste Stütze verhindert, dass sich die Struktur in jede Richtung bewegt und dreht, indem sie jeder ausgeübten Kraft zwei Reaktionskräfte und ein Moment zur Verfügung stellt. Die Kraft Fx wirkt in horizontaler Richtung entlang der Achse des Lagers, während Fy senkrecht zum Lager wirkt.

<ol>
	<li>Hibbeler, R.C. (2016). Technische Mechanik \u2012 Statik und Dynamik. Hoboken, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Seiten 209-211</li>
</ol>

supportreaktionen

Support Reactions

Ein ebenes Kraftsystem bezieht sich auf eine Reihe von Kräften, die alle in der gleichen Ebene liegen und verschiedenen Reaktionen zwischen dem Berührungspunkt und den Stützpunkten unterliegen. Das Verständnis, wie unterschiedliche Arten von Stützungen ebenen Kräften wirken, ist entscheidend für die Konstruktion sicherer und zuverlässiger Strukturen, die äußeren Belastungen standhalten können. Der Zweck der Stützungen besteht darin, die translatorische Bewegung des Systems zu verhindern, indem eine gleich große und entgegengesetzte Kraft angewandt wird, und die Rotation des Systems durch das Anwenden eines Momentenpaars in entgegengesetzter Richtung zu verhindern. Je nach Zweck und Anwendung gibt es drei Haupttypen von Stützungen: Rollenstütze, Zapfenstütze und feste Stütze. Die Rollenstütze ermöglicht nur eine Bewegung in eine Richtung, indem eine einzelne Reaktionskraft senkrecht zu ihrer Oberfläche bereitgestellt wird. Dieser Typ von Stützung wird häufig dort eingesetzt, wo eine Bewegung eingeschränkt werden muss, wie zum Beispiel bei Brücken, die sich aufgrund von Temperaturänderungen ausdehnen oder zusammenziehen. Die Zapfenstütze erzeugt eine Reaktionskraft in der Ebene senkrecht zu ihrer Achse, wenn sie einer aufgebrachten Kraft ausgesetzt ist. Dies ermöglicht eine Rotation, beschränkt jedoch die translatorische Bewegung, was sie für Strukturen mit Kragarmen oder gleichmäßigen Belastungsbedingungen entlang ihrer Länge nützlich macht. Schließlich verhindert die feste Stütze sowohl Translation als auch Rotation, indem sie zwei Reaktionskräfte und ein Moment für jede aufgebrachte Kraft bereitstellt. Dieser Typ von Stützung wird aufgrund seiner hohen Stabilitätsanforderungen oft in Gebäuden verwendet.

Supportreaktionen

Ein koplanares Kraftsystem bezieht sich auf eine Gesamtheit von Kräften, die alle in der gleichen Ebene liegen und unterschiedlichen Reaktionen zwischen dem Kontaktpunkt und dem ...

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types of structural supports

Types of structural supports control how a coplanar force system moves and reacts under load. A coplanar force system is a set of forces that all lie in the same plane. The supports create reactions at the point of contact. These reactions help keep a structure stable under external forces.

Supports work by stopping translation with an equal and opposite force. They can also stop rotation by applying a couple moment in the opposite direction. In structural design, these reactions are important for safe and reliable systems. They help structures resist loads without unwanted motion.

There are three main support types: roller support, pin support, and fixed support. A roller support allows translation in only one direction. It provides a single reaction force normal to its surface. This support is useful where movement must still happen in a controlled way, such as in bridges that expand or contract with temperature changes.

A pin support provides a reaction force in the plane perpendicular to its axis when force is applied. It permits rotation but restricts translational motion. This makes it useful for structures with cantilevers or with uniform loading conditions along their length. A fixed support prevents both translation and rotation. It provides two reaction forces and a moment, so it is often used in buildings where high stability is needed.

Types of Structural Supports

conditions of equilibrium

Rigid Body Force Balance in Equilibrium

Rigid body equilibrium depends on a balance of external forces and moments. A rigid body is in equilibrium when it has no translational motion and no rotational motion. This happens when the net force and the net couple acting on the body are both zero. Internal forces are not used when checking equilibrium. These forces act in equal and opposite pairs inside the body, so they cancel each other. Because of that, they do not affect the overall motion or change in motion of the rigid body. The...

support reactions

Types of structural supports control how a coplanar force system moves and reacts under load. A coplanar force system is a set of forces that all lie in the same plane. The supports create reactions at the point of contact. These reactions help keep a structure stable under external forces. Supports work by stopping translation with an equal and opposite force. They can also stop rotation by applying a couple moment in the opposite direction. In structural design, these reactions are important...

internal forces and center of gravity

Forces Inside a Body and Balance

Internal forces and the center of gravity help explain how objects stay in balance. These mechanics ideas matter for structures, machines, and vehicles that must remain stable under different loads and conditions. Internal forces are created inside a body when its particles interact. They can appear as tension, compression, or shear forces. These forces act in collinear pairs with equal magnitude and opposite direction. Between connected parts, they cancel each other and help keep the body in...

alternative sets of equilibrium equations

alternative-sets-of-equilibrium-equations

Equilibrium Conditions for a Supported Plate

Equilibrium conditions for a supported plate are used to describe when forces and moments balance. In this state, the plate has no net movement and no rotation. Engineers use these equations to study how structures behave under external loads. In many cases, the standard equilibrium equations are enough. But some systems need an alternative set of equations to match the geometry of the support points. A rectangular plate supported at points A, B, and C is one example. For this plate, the...

two force member

Two-Force Body Equilibrium

A two-force body is a rigid body acted on by only two external forces. In equilibrium, those two forces must have the same magnitude, the same line of action, and opposite directions. This balance is what keeps the body at rest. For a plate with forces F1 and F2 applied at points A and B, equilibrium means the sum of moments about any axis is zero. If moments are summed about point A, the moment from F2 must be zero. That means the line of action of F2 must pass through point A. The same idea...

three force member

Solving a Three-Force Member Example

A three-force member is a rigid body acted on by three forces at three points. The forces must have concurrent lines of action. If the forces are parallel, their lines of action stay parallel instead. A dumpster provides the example used here. It is connected to a pin support at point A and to a pin on a hydraulic cylinder at point B. The hydraulic cylinder acts as a two-force member in equilibrium. The dumpster weight acts through the center of gravity, and the support reaction acts at point...

equations of equilibrium in three dimensions

equations-of-equilibrium-in-three-dimensions

Checking Force Balance in 3D Structures

Checking force balance in 3D structures is a key step when a system is at rest. The vector and scalar equations of equilibrium are used to test whether a body is stable and will not collapse or fall apart. These equations give a clear way to study the forces acting on a body. The vector equations of equilibrium require the vector sum of all external forces on a body to equal zero. They also require the vector sum of the couple moments and the moments of all forces about a point to equal zero.

support reactions in three dimensions

3D Support Types for Stability and Motion

Support reactions in three dimensions keep structures stable and in equilibrium. They stop unwanted translation and rotation, so a design can handle external forces safely and work as intended. These reactions are important in many structures and systems. A ball and socket joint is one support that allows free rotation about any axis. It does not provide a moment that resists turning. At the same time, it restricts motion in space with three reaction forces along the three dimensions. A...

constraints and statical determinacy

Constraints in Structural Equilibrium

Constraints in structural engineering control how a body can move and help keep it in mechanical equilibrium. A constraint is a restriction on motion. When the right number of constraints is used, the system can stay balanced with the fewest supports needed. A system with the proper number of supports is called statically determinate. In that case, the unknown reaction forces can be found from equations of equilibrium. These systems are the easiest to analyze and design because the forces can...

key terms and concepts

Learn how roller, pin, and fixed supports react to coplanar forces, and how each one limits translation or rotation in structures.

Types of Structural Supports | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering offers concise, easy-to-understand animated videos covering key topics such as equilibrium, forces, truss analysis, and structural mechanics. Explore their real-world applications, and witness these concepts in action through scientist-led experiments.

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Types of Structural Supports

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