Name: inductors in electric circuits
Uploaded: 2024-04-11T12:48:39.000Z
Duration: 1 min 11 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.6

IPC.6.A

Inductors

Induktivitäten, oft auch als Spulen oder Drosseln bezeichnet, spielen eine entscheidende Rolle in verschiedenen Elektronik- und Stromversorgungssystemen.
Im Wesentlichen besitzt jeder Leiter, durch den ein Wechselstrom fließt, von Natur aus induktive Eigenschaften und könnte als Induktivität kategorisiert werden.
Um die induktive Wirkung zu verstärken, werden praktische Induktivitäten hergestellt, indem ein leitfähiger Draht um einen Kern aus magnetischem Material gewickelt wird.
Wenn ein Strom durch eine Induktivität fließt, ist die Spannung über sie direkt proportional zur Änderungsrate des Stroms im Laufe der Zeit. Diese Proportionalitätskonstante wird als Induktivität der Induktivität bezeichnet und in Henry gemessen.
Die Induktivität steht abrupten Änderungen des durch sie fließenden Stroms entgegen. Der Strom durch eine Induktivität kann sich also nicht sofort ändern.
Die physikalischen Abmessungen, das Kernmaterial und die Konstruktion der Induktivität bestimmen ihre Induktivität.
Induktivitäten gibt es in einer Vielzahl von Werten und Typen, die von wenigen Mikrohenrys bis zu Dutzenden von Henrys reichen.
Sie können entweder fest oder variabel sein, wobei die Kerne aus einer Vielzahl von Materialien wie Eisen, Stahl, Kunststoff oder sogar Luft bestehen.

induktoren

Ein Induktor ist eine passive Komponente, die dazu dient, Energie in ihrem Magnetfeld zu speichern. Er kann hergestellt werden, indem ein Draht um einen Magnetkern gewickelt wird. Wenn Strom durch diese Induktivität fließen kann, beobachtet man, dass die Spannung an der Induktivität direkt proportional zur zeitlichen Änderungsrate des Stroms ist. Mathematisch, <img alt="Equation1" src="/files/ftp_upload/15088/15088_PT_Equation_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 36px;"> Diese Beziehung wird durch die Konvention des passiven Vorzeichens ausgedrückt, wobei „L“ die Proportionalitätskonstante darstellt, die auch als Induktivität des Induktors bekannt ist. Die Induktivität eines Induktors wird durch Faktoren wie seine Größe, die verwendeten Materialien und die Bauweise beeinflusst. Die Maßeinheit für die Induktivität ist Henry (H). Die Induktivität ist ein Maß für die Fähigkeit eines Geräts, Energie in Form eines Magnetfelds zu speichern. Außerdem ist es eine Eigenschaft, die es einem Induktor ermöglicht, Änderungen des durch ihn fließenden Stroms zu widerstehen. Diese Komponenten werden nicht nur als Induktoren, sondern auch als Spulen oder Drosseln bezeichnet. Das Schaltsymbol für einen Induktor ist in Figure 1 dargestellt. <img alt="Figure1" src="/files/ftp_upload/15088/15088_PT_Figure_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 150px;"> Figure 2 zeigt eine grafische Darstellung der Beziehung zwischen Spannung und Strom für einen Induktor, dessen Induktivität nicht vom Strom abhängt, auch linearer Induktor genannt. <img alt="Figure2" src="/files/ftp_upload/15088/15088_PT_Figure_2.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 146px;"> Ein nichtlinearer Induktor hingegen hätte keinen geradlinigen Verlauf, da seine Induktivität mit dem Strom schwankt. Induktivitäten sind, ähnlich wie Kondensatoren, in verschiedenen Größen und Ausführungen im Handel erhältlich. In praktischen Anwendungen haben Induktoren typischerweise Induktivitätswerte im Bereich von einigen Mikrohenry, wie sie in Kommunikationssystemen vorkommen, bis zu mehreren zehn Henry, wie sie in Energiesystemen verwendet werden. Induktoren können entweder fest oder variabel sein und ihr Kern kann aus verschiedenen Materialien bestehen, darunter Eisen, Stahl, Kunststoff oder sogar Luft.

Induktoren

Induktivitäten, oft auch als Spulen oder Drosseln bezeichnet, spielen eine entscheidende Rolle in verschiedenen Elektronik- und Stromversorgungssystemen.
Im Wesentlichen ist jeder Leiter, durch den ein ...

Education

Lehre

JoVE Core

Electrical Engineering

Elektrotechnik

Unit 1

Einheit 1

Energy Storage Elements

Energiespeicherelemente

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

WICHTIGE BEGRIFFE UND KONZEPTE

inductors in electric circuits

Inductors are passive components used in electric circuits to store energy in a magnetic field. They are often made by coiling a wire around a magnetic core. This structure gives the component its inductive behavior and its ability to respond to changing current.

When current flows through an inductor, the voltage across it is proportional to how quickly the current changes with time. This relationship is written using the passive sign convention, and the constant of proportionality is called inductance, or L. Inductance is measured in henrys, written as H.

Inductance depends on several factors. The size of the inductor matters, as do the materials used and the way it is built. This property also describes how well the device stores energy in a magnetic field and how strongly it resists changes in current.

Inductors are also called coils or chokes. Their circuit symbol is used in circuit diagrams to show the component clearly. A linear inductor has a straight-line voltage-current graph because its inductance does not depend on current. A nonlinear inductor does not follow a straight line because its inductance changes with current.

Inductors are sold in many values and types, much like capacitors. Their inductance can range from a few microhenrys in communication systems to tens of henrys in power systems. They may be fixed or variable, and their cores can be made from iron, steel, plastic, or even air.

Inductors in Electric Circuits

capacitors

Capacitor Charge and Discharge

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series and parallel capacitors

Capacitance in Series and Parallel

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equivalent capacitance

Capacitors in Series and Parallel

Capacitors in series and parallel can be simplified by replacing the group with one equivalent capacitor. This equivalent capacitor stores the same charge as the original network when the same potential difference is applied. The idea helps make complex capacitor circuits easier to analyze. In a parallel connection, capacitors share the same voltage across each branch. The equivalent capacitance of N capacitors in parallel is the sum of their individual capacitances. This type of connection...

inductors

Inductors are passive components used in electric circuits to store energy in a magnetic field. They are often made by coiling a wire around a magnetic core. This structure gives the component its inductive behavior and its ability to respond to changing current. When current flows through an inductor, the voltage across it is proportional to how quickly the current changes with time. This relationship is written using the passive sign convention, and the constant of proportionality is called...

energy stored in inductors

How Inductor Current Stores Magnetic Energy

An inductor stores energy in its magnetic field. That field is created by the current flowing through the coil. When the current stays steady, there is no measurable voltage across the inductor, so it behaves like a short circuit for direct current. The energy stored in an inductor is the total power delivered over time. It can be written as a function of inductance, L, and current, i, where the stored energy increases with the current in the coil. This relationship helps explain how much...

series and parallel inductors

Equivalent Inductance in Circuit Networks

Equivalent inductance in circuit networks helps simplify circuits with multiple inductors. When inductors are combined, the circuit can often be replaced by one inductor with the same effect on the current and voltage. For inductors in series, the same current flows through each component. Applying Kirchhoff's voltage law shows that the total voltage is the sum of the inductor voltages. As a result, the equivalent inductance of a series group is the sum of the individual inductances. This is...

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key terms and concepts

Learn how inductors store energy in magnetic fields, resist current changes, and differ as linear or nonlinear components in circuits.

Inductors in Electric Circuits | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Electrical Engineering offers easy-to-understand animated videos that cover fundamental concepts of electric circuits along with circuit analysis techniques. It incorporates first-order and second-order circuits using operational amplifiers and circuit transformation concepts. The inclusion of practical design examples and real-world applications through scientist-in-action videos adds significant educational value, making complex concepts accessible.

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Inductors, often referred to as coils or chokes, play a crucial role in various electronics and power systems.
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Energy Stored in Inductors

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Series and Parallel Inductors

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Inductors in Electric Circuits

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