The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external …
There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
A decrease in the internal energy of the system (an …
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole …
Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this …
Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute …
A solute is a component of a solution that is typically present at a much lower concentration than the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described …
The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
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Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the …
A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, …
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera …
Control over colloidal assembly is of utmost importance for the development of functional colloidal materials with tailored structural and mechanical …
Many spiders produce seven types of silks. Six of the silks are fiber in form when produced by the spiders. These fibers are not water soluble. In order …
Fundamentals of inorganic-organic interactions are critically important in the discovery and development of novel biointerfaces amenable for utilization …
