Name: how plant pigments capture light
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:12.000Z
Duration: 1 min 35 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

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North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms- Structures and Processes

LS.Bio.3.2

Light as Energy

- La energía para la
fotosíntesis es la luz,

la radiación típicamente
electromagnética del sol,

que se comportan como partículas,

portadoras de paquetes de
energía llamados fotones,

y ondas que oscilan a
lo largo de un camino.

La distancia entre dos
puntos consecutivos,

la longitud de onda específica,

se relaciona con la cantidad
de energía que llevan

las ondas.

Las longitudes de onda largas
transmiten menos energía que

las cortas,

y el rango de todas las
longitudes de onda posibles

es conocido como espectro
electromagnético.

La fotosíntesis se basa
en un pequeño segmento

de este espectro, la porción visible,

que oscila entre los 400
y los 700 nanómetros.

Es decir, de azul a verde a rojo.

En las plantas, diferentes
moléculas de pigmento

absorben ciertas longitudes
de onda de la luz,

dando a cada molécula un
espectro de absorción distinto.

Por ejemplo, la clorofila
A, es la más abundante

molécula de pigmento en las hojas,

solo absorbe luz roja y azul,

causando que el verde se
refleje y así se observe

como el color de la hoja.

Chen, Y. et al. Formación y cambio de metabolitos vegetales localizados en cloroplastos en respuesta a condiciones de luz. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Moleculares. 19 (3), 654 (2018).

la luz como energía

La energía necesaria para llevar a cabo la fotosíntesis es la luz,normalmente radiación electromagnética del sol. El rango de todas las longitudes de onda posibles se conoce como espectro electromagnético. <h4>Fotones</h4> Un fotón es una partícula electromagnética discreta o un haz de energía. Los fotones se caracterizan por su frecuencia, longitud de onda y amplitud, similares a las propiedades de una onda. Las ondas con frecuencias más altas transmiten más energía y tienen longitudes de onda más cortas que las longitudes de onda más largas que transmiten menos energía y tienen frecuencias más bajas. <h4>Espectro de absorción fotosintética</h4>

Para la mayoría de los organismos, la fotosíntesis se basa en un pequeño segmento del espectro electromagnético es decir,la porción visible que oscila entre 380 y 750 nanómetros, del azul al verde y al rojo. Sin embargo, algunos organismos pueden realizar la fotosíntesis utilizando luz infrarroja.

En las plantas, diferentes moléculas de pigmento absorben longitudes de onda de luz específicas, lo que le da a cada molécula un espectro de absorción distinto. Por ejemplo, la clorofila a, la molécula de pigmento más abundante en las hojas,solo absorbe la luz roja y azul. La clorofila a refleja la porción verde del espectro, lo que permite que las hojas de las plantas parezcan verdes al ojo humano. Las plantas también utilizan pigmentos adicionales para absorber la luz. Por ejemplo, tienen ficocianina que absorbe la luz naranja y roja, carotenos que absorben la luz ultravioleta, violeta, azul, azul verdosa y naranja roja, y xantofilas que absorben la luz azul y ultravioleta.

La luz como energía

La energía necesaria para llevar a cabo la fotosíntesis es la luz, normalmente la radiación electromagnética del sol. El rango de todas las longitudes de onda posibles es ...

Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Biología

Cellular Processes

Procesos celulares

Photosynthesis

Fotosíntesis

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

how plant pigments capture light

Photosynthesis uses light energy from the sun, which is a form of electromagnetic radiation. The full range of possible wavelengths is called the electromagnetic spectrum. Light is made of photons, which are small packets of energy. Photons act like waves and are described by frequency, wavelength, and amplitude.

Waves with higher frequencies carry more energy and have shorter wavelengths. Waves with lower frequencies carry less energy and have longer wavelengths. For most organisms, photosynthesis depends on the visible part of the spectrum. This range runs from about 380 to 750 nanometers and includes blue, green, and red light. A few organisms can also photosynthesize with infrared light.

Plants absorb light with pigment molecules that each have their own absorption spectrum. Chlorophyll a is the most abundant pigment in leaves. It absorbs red and blue light, but it reflects green light. That is why leaves look green to the human eye.

Plants also use other pigments to capture more light. Phycocyanin absorbs orange and red light. Carotenes absorb ultraviolet, violet, blue, blue-green, and orange-red light. Xanthophylls absorb blue and ultraviolet light. Together, these pigments help plants use a wider part of the light spectrum.

How Plant Pigments Capture Light

what is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis in Chloroplasts and Leaves

Photosynthesis happens in plants and in some bacteria. It is the process that captures carbon dioxide and solar energy to make glucose. Glucose stores chemical energy as carbohydrates. The overall biochemical equation is 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2. Photosynthesis also releases oxygen into the atmosphere and helps maintain Earth’s atmospheric oxygen content. Photosynthetic reactions take place in chloroplasts, which are specialized membrane-enclosed parts of the plant cell.

light as energy

Photosynthesis uses light energy from the sun, which is a form of electromagnetic radiation. The full range of possible wavelengths is called the electromagnetic spectrum. Light is made of photons, which are small packets of energy. Photons act like waves and are described by frequency, wavelength, and amplitude. Waves with higher frequencies carry more energy and have shorter wavelengths. Waves with lower frequencies carry less energy and have longer wavelengths. For most organisms,...

anatomy of chloroplasts

Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis in Plant Cells

Chloroplasts are the organelles where photosynthesis takes place in green algae and plants. They are also found in green stems and unripe fruit. In plants, mesophyll cells in the leaf contain the highest density of chloroplasts. Each chloroplast has a double membrane. The outer membrane faces the plant cell cytoplasm on one side and the chloroplast intermembrane space on the other. The inner membrane separates that narrow space from the stroma, which is the watery interior of the chloroplast.

photosystem ii

Photosystem II and Water Splitting

Photosystem II is a multi-protein complex that captures light energy and begins the flow of electrons in photosynthesis. It uses bound pigments to harvest photons and send that energy to its reaction center. From there, the energy continues through the electron transport chain and on to photosystem I. The pigments in photosystem II include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. They are arranged in two parts of the photosystem: the antenna complex and the reaction center. The antenna...

photosystem i

Photosystem I and NADPH Formation

Photosystem I helps convert light energy into NADPH during photosynthesis. It works with photosystem II in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, but it uses a different electron supplier and a different electron acceptor. Electrons excited in photosystem II move to photosystem I through an electron transport chain. That chain includes plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As the electrons travel between the two photosystems, they lose energy and must be...

the calvin cycle

Carbon Fixation in Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis uses light energy to turn carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. It also releases oxygen as a by-product. These products help support most food webs and make aerobic life possible. Photosynthesis has two main stages, and they happen in different parts of the chloroplast. The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy there and helps split water molecules. This releases O2 and makes ATP and NADPH. The light-independent reactions...

c4 pathway and cam

Plant Carbon Fixation in Hot Climates

Plant carbon fixation in hot climates can follow the C4 pathway or the CAM pathway. These alternative pathways help some plants reduce energy loss from photorespiration. Photorespiration happens when oxygen levels are high and rubisco, the enzyme in the Calvin cycle, binds O2 instead of CO2. When that happens, photosynthesis slows and energy is used up. The C4 pathway is used by plants such as corn and sugarcane. In mesophyll cells, CO2 first joins with PEP, or phosphoenolpyruvate, through the...

key terms and concepts

See how photons, wavelength, and pigment absorption shape photosynthesis. Learn why chlorophyll a looks green and how other pigments absorb different light colors.

How Plant Pigments Capture Light | JoVE K12

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Energy

HS-PS3-3

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How Plant Pigments Capture Light

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