Name: how embryonic stem cells become specialized
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:21.000Z
Duration: 58 s
Channel: JoVE

- [Instructor] Células
embrionarias, o ES, células

Son células indiferenciadas
que proceden de

el mástil de la célula
interna de un blastocisto,

Un embrión de tres a cinco días.

Son pluripotentes

que pueden producir todos los
diferentes tipos de células

en el cuerpo, desde la sangre
hasta las células del cerebro,

dándoles una amplia
variedad de usos potenciales

en la ciencia y medicina.

Se extraen y se cultivan en la cultivos,

donde se dividen indefinidamente,

produciendo nuevas células madre.

Manipulando las condiciones del cultivo,

mediante la adición de ciertos
factores de crecimiento,

Las células pueden ser
persuadidas para diferenciarlas

en tipos celulares específicos.

Estas nuevas células podrían
ser utilizadas para remplazar

las células en el cuerpo
debido a daños o enfermedades

como las células productoras
de insulina del páncreas.

que se destruyen en la diabetes tipo uno.

Ilic, Dusko y Caroline Ogilvie. "Revisión concisa: Células madre embrionarias humanas: ¿qué hemos hecho? ¿Qué estamos haciendo? ¿Hacia dónde vamos?" STEM CELLS 35, no. 1 (2017): 17–25. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.2450" target="__blank">Fuente</a>]

células madre embrionarias

Embryonic Stem Cells

Las células madre embrionarias (ES) son células pluripotentes indiferenciadas, lo que significa que pueden producir cualquier tipo de célula en el cuerpo. Esto les otorga un enorme potencial en la ciencia y la medicina, ya que pueden generar tipos de células específicas para su uso en investigación o para reemplazar las células del cuerpo perdidas debido a daños o enfermedades. <h4>Origen</h4> Las células ES están presentes en la masa celular interna de un embrión en la etapa de blastocisto, que ocurre aproximadamente entre 3–5 días después de la fertilización en humanos, antes de que el embrión se implante en el útero. Las células madre embrionarias humanas generalmente se derivan de embriones donados que quedaron del proceso de fertilización in vitro (FIV). Las células se recolectan y crecen en cultivo, donde pueden dividirse indefinidamente, creando líneas de células ES. Bajo ciertas condiciones, las células ES pueden diferenciarse,ya sea espontáneamente en una variedad de tipos de células o de manera dirigida para producir los tipos de células deseados. Los científicos pueden controlar qué tipos de células se generan manipulando las condiciones de cultivo, como cambiar la superficie de la placa de cultivo o agregar factores de crecimiento específicos al medio de cultivo,así como modificando genéticamente las células. A través de estos métodos, los investigadores han podido generar muchos tipos de células específicas a partir de células ES, incluidas células sanguíneas, nerviosas, cardíacas, óseas, hepáticas y páncreas. <h4>Medicina regenerativa</h4> La medicina regenerativa se ocupa de la creación de tejidos vivos y funcionales para reemplazar los muertos, enfermos o que funcionan mal. Dada su capacidad para diferenciarse en cualquier tipo de célula, las células ES se utilizan en medicina regenerativa. Si bien este campo aún se encuentra en las primeras etapas, se han producido varios tipos de células potencialmente beneficiosas a partir de células ES y se han comenzado estudios clínicos para probar su seguridad y eficacia en pacientes. Algunos resultados iniciales han sido prometedores,por ejemplo, los pacientes paralizados recuperaron algo de movimiento después de recibir células del sistema nervioso derivadas de ES. Además, las células ES se pueden utilizar para estudiar acontecimientos tempranos del desarrollo humano,lo que de otro modo sería difícil, y proporcionan una fuente de tipos de células específicas que se pueden utilizar en pruebas de fármacos y otras investigaciones científicas.

Células madre embrionarias

Las células madre embrionarias (ES) son células pluripotentes indiferenciadas, lo que significa que pueden producir cualquier tipo de célula en el cuerpo. Esto les da un potencial tremendo...

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how embryonic stem cells become specialized

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells that have not yet specialized. Pluripotent means they can give rise to many different cell types in the body. Because of this, they are useful in science and medicine for making cells needed in research or for replacing cells lost to damage or disease.

These cells come from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, which is an early embryo about 3 to 5 days after fertilization in humans. At this stage, the embryo has not yet implanted in the uterus. Human embryonic stem cells are usually taken from donated embryos left over from in vitro fertilization, or IVF.

Once collected, the cells are grown in culture and can divide for a very long time. This creates embryonic stem cell lines. Under the right conditions, the cells can differentiate, which means they can become specialized cells. They may do this on their own or through directed differentiation into a chosen cell type.

Scientists guide this process by changing the culture conditions. They may alter the surface of the culture dish, add specific growth factors to the medium, or genetically modify the cells. Using these methods, researchers have made blood, nerve, heart, bone, liver, and pancreas cells from embryonic stem cells.

These cells also have an important role in regenerative medicine, which aims to create living, functional tissues to replace dead, diseased, or malfunctioning ones. This field is still in early stages, but some cell types made from embryonic stem cells have already been tested in clinical studies. Some results have been promising, including reports of paralyzed patients regaining some movement after receiving nervous system cells made from embryonic stem cells. Researchers also use these cells to study early human development and to provide specific cell types for drug testing and other scientific research.

How Embryonic Stem Cells Become Specialized

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Explore how embryonic stem cells are grown, guided to specialize, and used in regenerative medicine, development studies, and drug testing.

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How Embryonic Stem Cells Become Specialized

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