Name: spinal cord structure and dermatomes
Uploaded: 2025-10-23T11:49:14.000Z
Duration: 1 min 54 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.25

The Spinal Cord

- [Narrador] La médula
espinal es un cilindro grueso

de tejido nervioso que compone

parte del sistema nervioso central,

comunicando información sensorial aferente

desde la periferia al cerebro,

e información motora eferente

del cerebro a la periferia.

En corte transversal la materia gris

en el interior de la médula espinal

aparece con forma de mariposa.

El cuerno ventral de la materia gris

contiene neuronas motoras.

Esta rodeado de materia blanca

con grupos de axones de ambos tratados

ascendentes y descendentes.

En el centro, hay un canal central

que contiene fluido cerebroespinal

que nutre el tejido nervioso.

La espina en si esta rodeada de membranas,

Las meninges espinales,
que incluyen la duramadre.

Conectado en el tallo cerebral

La médula espinal corre a
través del foramen mágnum

y la serie de huesos
de la columna vertebral

hasta que termina en
el nivel lumbar de L1-2

y forma un largo conjunto de nervios

llamada la cauda equina.

Esta subdividido en niveles o regiones

determinada por la posición de la vertebra

con nervios espinales emparejados.

Por ejemplo, la columna cervical,

regiones C2, a C7,

corresponde a los nervios que inervan

el cuello, hombros, brazos y manos.

Dentro de cada vértebra
salen las raíces nerviosas

a través del foramen vertebra

hacia ramas separadas.

La raíz del nervio ventral
se dirige a los músculos

para controlar movimiento

mientras que la raíz del nervio dorsal

inerva la piel para producir sensación.

Cada área de la piel inervada

Por un nervio espinal
específico se llama dermatoma

y presentado por mapas de dermatoma.

Estos mapas están diseñados
para ayudar a clínicos

identificar donde un dolor en particular

o una condición de piel
se puede estar originando.

Hochman, Shawn. "Médula espinal". Current Biology 17, no. 22 (20 de noviembre de 2007): R950–55. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.10.014" target="__blank">Fuente</a>]

Ahuja, Christopher S., Satoshi Nori, Lindsay Tetreault, Jefferson Wilson, Brian Kwon, James Harrop, David Choi y Michael G. Fehlings. "Lesión traumática de la médula espinal: reparación y regeneración". Neurocirugía 80, no. 3S (1 de marzo de 2017): S9–22. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyw080" target="__blank">Fuente</a>]

la médula espinal

La médula espinal es el principal tracto nervioso del sistema nervioso central del cuerpo y comunica información sensorial aferente desde la periferia al cerebro e información motora eferente del cerebro al cuerpo. La médula espinal humana se extiende desde el agujero en la base del cráneo, o agujero magno, hasta el nivel de la primera o segunda vértebra lumbar. <h4>Vista en sección transversal</h4> La médula espinal es cilíndrica y contiene materia blanca y gris. En el centro se encuentra el canal central, que es el remanente de la luz del tubo neural primitivo y forma parte del sistema interno de cavidades del líquido cefalorraquídeo. En sección transversal, la materia gris que rodea el canal central tiene forma de mariposa. Las alas de la mariposa se dividen en cuernos dorsal y ventral. El asta dorsal contiene núcleos sensoriales que transmiten información sensorial y el asta ventral contiene neuronas motoras que dan lugar a los axones que inervan el músculo esquelético. La materia blanca rodea a la materia gris y contiene una gran cantidad de fibras mielinizadas. La sustancia blanca está dispuesta en haces longitudinales llamados columnas dorsal, lateral y ventral. Tres membranas rodean a la médula espinal: la piamadre se adhiere estrechamente a la superficie de la médula espinal, seguida por la aracnoides y la duramadre, la resistente vaina más externa. <h4>Organización</h4> La médula espinal se divide en cuatro regiones diferentes y está organizada segmentariamente. Hay 31 pares de nervios que salen de la médula: ocho cervicales, 12 torácicos, cinco lumbares, cinco sacros y uno coccígeo. <h4>Dermatomas</h4> Cada segmento de la médula espinal inerva una región diferente del cuerpo y se representa en la piel como un dermatoma. Un dermatoma es un área de la piel inervada por un nervio periférico que se origina en un único ganglio de la raíz dorsal. Clínicamente, los mapas de dermatomas son útiles para determinar el nivel de las lesiones de la médula espinal y para localizar lesiones de las raíces nerviosas periféricas. Sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta que existe una considerable variación y superposición de dermatomas de segmentos espinales adyacentes. Aunque existen 31 pares de nervios espinales, solo existen 30 dermatomas, ya que C1 generalmente no tiene raíz espinal y, por lo tanto, el primer dermatoma corresponde a C2.

La médula espinal

La médula espinal es el tracto nervioso principal del sistema nervioso central, que comunica información sensorial aferente desde la periferia hasta el ...

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spinal cord structure and dermatomes

The spinal cord is the main nerve pathway of the central nervous system. It carries sensory signals from the body to the brain and motor signals from the brain to the body. It begins at the foramen magnum, the opening at the base of the skull, and extends to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.

In cross-section, the spinal cord is cylindrical and contains both gray matter and white matter. The central canal lies in the middle and is a remnant of the lumen of the primitive neural tube. It is part of the internal system of cerebrospinal fluid cavities. The gray matter around it has a butterfly shape. Its dorsal horns contain sensory nuclei that relay sensory input, and its ventral horns contain motor neurons that send axons to skeletal muscle.

White matter surrounds the gray matter and contains many myelinated fibers. It is organized into longitudinal bundles called the dorsal, lateral, and ventral columns. Three membranes protect the spinal cord. The pia mater lies directly on its surface, the arachnoid lies outside the pia, and the dura mater forms the tough outer sheath.

The spinal cord is divided into four regions and is organized in segments. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves: eight cervical, 12 thoracic, five lumbar, five sacral, and one coccygeal. Each segment connects to a specific part of the body.

These body maps are called dermatomes. A dermatome is an area of skin supplied by a peripheral nerve from a single dorsal root ganglion. Dermatome maps help locate spinal cord lesions and peripheral nerve root lesions. The pattern is not exact, because adjacent dermatomes can overlap and vary. Although there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, there are only 30 dermatomes, since C1 usually has no spinal root and the first dermatome is C2.

Spinal Cord Structure and Dermatomes

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the spinal cord

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key terms and concepts

Explore spinal cord structure, gray and white matter, spinal nerve regions, and dermatomes with a clear high school biology focus.

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D. Most multicellular organisms are composed of organ systems whose structures reflect their particular function.

Spinal Cord Structure and Dermatomes

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