Name: rounding rules for significant figures
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T12:12:11.000Z
Duration: 58 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

Earth Science

ES.1

ES.1.c

Significant Figures in Calculations

Las cifras significativas también ayudan a lograr certeza en las operaciones matemáticas. En adición o resta, el resultado debe redondearse para que tenga el mismo número de decimales que la medición con el menor número de decimales.
El redondeo hacia abajo debe realizarse cuando el último dígito está por debajo de 5, y el redondeo hacia arriba cuando es 5 o más. A veces se utilizan otros métodos de redondeo cuando el último dígito es 5.
Por ejemplo, la suma de 2,052 y 1,2 se redondea como 3,3.
Sin embargo, al multiplicar o dividir, el resultado debe redondearse para que tenga el mismo número de cifras significativas que la medición con la menor cantidad de cifras significativas. Por lo tanto, el producto de 2,052 y 1,2 se redondea como 2,5.

cifras significativas en cálculos

La incertidumbre en las mediciones puede evitarse al informar los resultados de un cálculo con el número correcto de cifras significativas. Esto puede determinarse siguiendo las siguientes reglas para redondear números: <ol> <li>Al sumar o restar números, redondea el resultado al mismo número de decimales que el número con el menor número de decimales.</li> <li>Al multiplicar o dividir números, redondea el resultado al mismo número de dígitos que el número con el menor número de cifras significativas.</li> <li>Si el dígito a descartar (el que está inmediatamente a la derecha del dígito a conservar) es menor que 5, "redondea hacia abajo" y deja el dígito conservado sin cambios.</li> <li>Si el dígito a descartar (el que está inmediatamente a la derecha del dígito a conservar) es 5 o mayor, "redondea hacia arriba" y aumenta el dígito conservado en 1. También se pueden utilizar los métodos alternativos de redondeo si el dígito descartado es 5. El dígito conservado se redondea hacia arriba o hacia abajo, según lo que produzca un valor par.</li> </ol> Una nota importante es que el redondeo de las cifras significativas debe hacerse preferiblemente al final de un cálculo con múltiples pasos para evitar la acumulación de errores en cada paso debido al redondeo. Por lo tanto, las cifras significativas y el redondeo facilitan la representación correcta de la certeza de los valores medidos informados. Este texto está adaptado de <a href="https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/1-5-measurement-uncertainty-accuracy-and-precision">Openstax, Chemistry 2e, Sección 1.5: Medición de incertidumbre, precisión y exactitud</a>.

Cifras significativas en cálculos

La incertidumbre en las mediciones puede evitarse comunicando los resultados de un cálculo con el número correcto de cifras significativas. Esto puede ser ...

Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Physics

Física

Unit 1

Unidad 1

Units, Dimensions, and Measurements

Unidades, dimensiones y mediciones

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

rounding rules for significant figures

Rounding rules for significant figures help show the right level of certainty in measured results. When a calculation is reported with the correct number of significant figures, it better matches the uncertainty in the measurements.

The rounding rule depends on the type of math being done. For addition and subtraction, the result should have the same number of decimal places as the number with the fewest decimal places. For multiplication and division, the result should have the same number of significant figures as the number with the fewest significant figures.

The digit to be dropped also matters. If that digit is less than 5, round down and keep the retained digit the same. If it is 5 or greater, round up and increase the retained digit by 1.

An alternative method may be used when the dropped digit is 5. In that case, the retained digit is rounded up or down, whichever gives an even value. In multistep calculations, rounding should preferably be done at the end. This helps avoid extra error from rounding at each step.

Rounding Rules for Significant Figures

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base quantities and derived quantities

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rules for significant figures

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significant figures in calculations

Rounding rules for significant figures help show the right level of certainty in measured results. When a calculation is reported with the correct number of significant figures, it better matches the uncertainty in the measurements. The rounding rule depends on the type of math being done. For addition and subtraction, the result should have the same number of decimal places as the number with the fewest decimal places. For multiplication and division, the result should have the same number of...

dimensional analysis

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key terms and concepts

Learn how to round significant figures in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and why rounding at the end helps reduce error.

Rounding Rules for Significant Figures | JoVE K12

physics

JoVE Core Física presenta la teoría y la aplicación de conceptos físicos fundamentales, como la cinemática, dinámica, mecánica de fluidos, estática, ondas y acústica, mediante animaciones audiovisuales concisas y fáciles de entender. Además, los vídeos de científicos en acción muestran la aplicación de los conceptos relacionados en experimentos de investigación clásicos y originales, realizados en laboratorios de todo el mundo.

Life Science

LS.1

LS.1.b

LS.1.c

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Specialised Topic in Science

112.51.c.1.

112.51.c.2.C.

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ES.1.d

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• evaluate the merits and limitations of models
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• read and interpret topographic and basic geologic maps and globes, including location by latitude and longitude

ES.1.e

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• compare, integrate, and evaluate sources of information presented in different media or formats to address a scientific question or solve a problem
• gather, read, and evaluate scientific and/or technical information from multiple sources, assessing the evidence and credibility of each source
• communicate scientific and/or technical information about phenomena and/or a design process in multiple formats

ES.1.f

Rounding Rules for Significant Figures

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