Name: 3d support types for stability and motion
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T11:49:23.000Z
Duration: 1 min 27 s
Channel: JoVE

En la ingeniería mecánica se emplea una variedad de soportes en función de su aplicación, que reaccionan en un sistema de fuerza tridimensional y evitan que el sistema se traslade y gire.
Considere un brazo robótico que levanta un peso. Aquí, la articulación A es una rótula. El brazo es libre de girar alrededor de cualquier eje, ya que no hay momento para restringir la rotación en la rótula. Sin embargo, restringe el movimiento de traslación debido a las tres fuerzas de reacción a lo largo de las tres dimensiones.
Alternativamente, la articulación B en el brazo es un solo soporte de pasador liso. Este soporte crea tres fuerzas de reacción y dos momentos de acoplamiento y permite el movimiento de rotación a lo largo del eje del pasador.
La base del brazo robótico es un soporte fijo, con fuerzas de reacción y momentos a lo largo de las tres direcciones.
Otro tipo de soporte es el soporte de bisagra, utilizado comúnmente en una puerta. Tres fuerzas de reacción en el soporte restringen el movimiento de traslación de la puerta, mientras que dos momentos restringen la rotación de la puerta.

<ol>
	<li>Hibbeler, R.C. (2016). Ingeniería Mecánica \u2012 Estática y Dinámica. Hoboken, Nueva Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. págs. 245-248</li>
	<li>Cerveza, F.P.; Johnston, E.R.; Mazurek, D.F.; Cromwell, P.J. y Self, B.P. (2019). Mecánica vectorial para ingenieros: estática y dinámica. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill. págs. 208</li>
	<li>Meriam, J.L.; Kraige, L.G. y Bolton, J.N. (2020). Ingeniería Mecánica \u2012 Estática. Hoboken, Nueva Jersey: John Wiley. págs. 145</li>
</ol>

reacciones de soporte en tres dimensiones

Support Reactions in Three Dimensions

Las reacciones de soporte en tres dimensiones ayudan a mantener la estabilidad y el equilibrio de diversas estructuras y sistemas. Estas reacciones evitan que el sistema se traslade y rote, asegurando que el diseño pueda resistir las fuerzas externas y realizar su función prevista de manera eficiente y segura. A continuación se discuten algunos de los soportes que proporcionan reacciones de soporte en tres dimensiones: La articulación de bola y enchufe es uno de los soportes que permite una rotación libre alrededor de cualquier eje. Esta libertad de rotación es posible porque no hay momento que restrinja la rotación en la articulación de bola y enchufe. Sin embargo, la articulación restringe el movimiento de traslación debido a tres fuerzas de reacción a lo largo de las tres dimensiones. Otro tipo de soporte es el soporte de un solo pasador suave. Este soporte crea tres fuerzas de reacción y dos momentos de acoplamiento, permitiendo el movimiento de rotación a lo largo del eje del pasador, al tiempo que restringe el movimiento en otras direcciones. Los soportes fijos proporcionan fuerzas de reacción y momentos a lo largo de las tres direcciones. Este tipo de soporte asegura que todo el sistema permanezca estable y seguro bajo diversas cargas y condiciones, evitando movimientos no deseados o deformaciones que podrían comprometer la funcionalidad del sistema. El soporte de bisagra es otro tipo común de soporte utilizado en ingeniería mecánica, a menudo utilizado en puertas y otras aplicaciones similares. Con el soporte de bisagra, tres fuerzas de reacción en el soporte restringen el movimiento de traslación de la puerta, mientras que dos momentos restringen la rotación de la puerta. Esta disposición permite a la puerta rotar alrededor de un solo eje mientras mantiene estabilidad y control.

Reacciones de soporte en tres dimensiones

Las reacciones de soporte en tres dimensiones ayudan a mantener la estabilidad y el equilibrio de varias estructuras y sistemas. Estas reacciones evitan que el sistema ...

Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

Ingeniería Mecánica

Unit 1

Unidad 1

Equilibrium of a Rigid Body

Equilibrio de un cuerpo rígido

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

3d support types for stability and motion

Support reactions in three dimensions keep structures stable and in equilibrium. They stop unwanted translation and rotation, so a design can handle external forces safely and work as intended. These reactions are important in many structures and systems.

A ball and socket joint is one support that allows free rotation about any axis. It does not provide a moment that resists turning. At the same time, it restricts motion in space with three reaction forces along the three dimensions.

A single smooth pin support works differently. It creates three reaction forces and two couple moments. This setup allows rotation along the axis of the pin while restricting movement in the other directions.

Fixed supports provide reaction forces and moments in all three directions. They help keep the system stable and secure under different loads and conditions. This also helps prevent unwanted movement or deformation that could affect function.

Hinge support is another common support used in mechanical engineering, especially in doors and similar applications. It produces three reaction forces that block translational motion of the door. Two moments restrict the door’s rotation, but it can still turn about one axis.

3D Support Types for Stability and Motion

3d-support-types-for-stability-and-motion

conditions of equilibrium

Rigid Body Force Balance in Equilibrium

Rigid body equilibrium depends on a balance of external forces and moments. A rigid body is in equilibrium when it has no translational motion and no rotational motion. This happens when the net force and the net couple acting on the body are both zero. Internal forces are not used when checking equilibrium. These forces act in equal and opposite pairs inside the body, so they cancel each other. Because of that, they do not affect the overall motion or change in motion of the rigid body. The...

support reactions

Types of Structural Supports

Types of structural supports control how a coplanar force system moves and reacts under load. A coplanar force system is a set of forces that all lie in the same plane. The supports create reactions at the point of contact. These reactions help keep a structure stable under external forces. Supports work by stopping translation with an equal and opposite force. They can also stop rotation by applying a couple moment in the opposite direction. In structural design, these reactions are important...

internal forces and center of gravity

Forces Inside a Body and Balance

Internal forces and the center of gravity help explain how objects stay in balance. These mechanics ideas matter for structures, machines, and vehicles that must remain stable under different loads and conditions. Internal forces are created inside a body when its particles interact. They can appear as tension, compression, or shear forces. These forces act in collinear pairs with equal magnitude and opposite direction. Between connected parts, they cancel each other and help keep the body in...

alternative sets of equilibrium equations

alternative-sets-of-equilibrium-equations

Equilibrium Conditions for a Supported Plate

Equilibrium conditions for a supported plate are used to describe when forces and moments balance. In this state, the plate has no net movement and no rotation. Engineers use these equations to study how structures behave under external loads. In many cases, the standard equilibrium equations are enough. But some systems need an alternative set of equations to match the geometry of the support points. A rectangular plate supported at points A, B, and C is one example. For this plate, the...

two force member

Two-Force Body Equilibrium

A two-force body is a rigid body acted on by only two external forces. In equilibrium, those two forces must have the same magnitude, the same line of action, and opposite directions. This balance is what keeps the body at rest. For a plate with forces F1 and F2 applied at points A and B, equilibrium means the sum of moments about any axis is zero. If moments are summed about point A, the moment from F2 must be zero. That means the line of action of F2 must pass through point A. The same idea...

three force member

Solving a Three-Force Member Example

A three-force member is a rigid body acted on by three forces at three points. The forces must have concurrent lines of action. If the forces are parallel, their lines of action stay parallel instead. A dumpster provides the example used here. It is connected to a pin support at point A and to a pin on a hydraulic cylinder at point B. The hydraulic cylinder acts as a two-force member in equilibrium. The dumpster weight acts through the center of gravity, and the support reaction acts at point...

equations of equilibrium in three dimensions

equations-of-equilibrium-in-three-dimensions

Checking Force Balance in 3D Structures

Checking force balance in 3D structures is a key step when a system is at rest. The vector and scalar equations of equilibrium are used to test whether a body is stable and will not collapse or fall apart. These equations give a clear way to study the forces acting on a body. The vector equations of equilibrium require the vector sum of all external forces on a body to equal zero. They also require the vector sum of the couple moments and the moments of all forces about a point to equal zero.

support reactions in three dimensions

Support reactions in three dimensions keep structures stable and in equilibrium. They stop unwanted translation and rotation, so a design can handle external forces safely and work as intended. These reactions are important in many structures and systems. A ball and socket joint is one support that allows free rotation about any axis. It does not provide a moment that resists turning. At the same time, it restricts motion in space with three reaction forces along the three dimensions. A...

constraints and statical determinacy

Constraints in Structural Equilibrium

Constraints in structural engineering control how a body can move and help keep it in mechanical equilibrium. A constraint is a restriction on motion. When the right number of constraints is used, the system can stay balanced with the fewest supports needed. A system with the proper number of supports is called statically determinate. In that case, the unknown reaction forces can be found from equations of equilibrium. These systems are the easiest to analyze and design because the forces can...

key terms and concepts

Learn how ball and socket joints, smooth pin supports, fixed supports, and hinge supports control movement and keep 3D structures stable under load.

3D Support Types for Stability and Motion | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering offers concise, easy-to-understand animated videos covering key topics such as equilibrium, forces, truss analysis, and structural mechanics. Explore their real-world applications, and witness these concepts in action through scientist-led experiments.

mechanical engineering

3D Support Types for Stability and Motion

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