Name: concrete placement for tight spaces
Uploaded: 2024-11-07T14:48:35.000Z
Duration: 1 min 29 s
Channel: JoVE

El hormigón de áridos sustituidos se produce colocando inicialmente un árido grueso clasificado por huecos que está suficientemente húmedo dentro del encofrado y compactándolo.
Los vacíos restantes, que constituyen aproximadamente un tercio del volumen total, se rellenan con mortero compuesto por cemento Portland, puzolana, agregados finos, agua y una ayuda fluidizante.
Alternativamente, se puede utilizar un mortero de cemento y arena fina, mezclados en un mezclador coloidal de alta velocidad.
El mortero se introduce bajo presión a través de tuberías ranuradas de aproximadamente 1.5 pulgadas de diámetro espaciadas a intervalos regulares. Luego, las tuberías se retiran gradualmente a medida que aumenta el nivel del mortero.
La vibración externa en el nivel superior del mortero puede mejorar el acabado de las superficies expuestas.
El concreto agregado reemplazado exhibe uniformidad con segregación reducida y se utiliza en la construcción de escudos nucleares y proyectos submarinos.
Las estructuras de retención de agua, los grandes bloques monolíticos y las obras de reparación también utilizan hormigón agregado precolocado debido a su baja contracción y menor permeabilidad.
En grandes proyectos de construcción, antes de aplicar el mortero, el agua enfriada circulante alrededor de los agregados controla el calor de hidratación, y en condiciones frías, el vapor circulante calienta los agregados.

hormigón prefabricado con agregados

Preplaced Aggregate Concrete

El hormigón prefabricado es ideal para entornos de construcción que no son de fácil acceso. El proceso comienza humedeciendo adecuadamente los agregados gruesos granulados para eliminar la suciedad, luego colocándolos en el molde y compactación. Los huecos se rellenan con una mezcla de mortero bombeado a presión a través de tuberías ranuradas. Este mortero generalmente consta de hormigón Portland, puzolana, agregados finos, agua y un agente fluidificante. La puzolana ayuda a reducir el sangrado y la segregación al tiempo que mejora la fluidez del mortero, mientras que el agente fluidificante retrasa el fraguado del mortero. También se utiliza un mortero de hormigón y arena fina. Se prepara en un mezclador coloidal de alta velocidad para mantener el hormigón suspendido hasta que se bombea el mortero. A medida que el mortero sube a la parte superior, la tubería se retira gradualmente. La aplicación de vibración externa a la capa superior del mortero puede mejorar el acabado de las superficies expuestas.

El hormigón prefabricado se prefiere por su uniformidad y menor riesgo de segregación, lo que es esencial para la construcción de escudos nucleares y proyectos submarinos. Debido a su baja contracción y permeabilidad, el hormigón prefabricado se utiliza en estructuras de retención de agua, grandes bloques monolíticos y obras de reparación. En la construcción a gran escala, se hace circular agua refrigerada alrededor de los áridos antes de añadir el mortero para controlar el calor de la hidratación del cemento. Por el contrario, se hace circular vapor para evitar daños por heladas en condiciones de frío.

Hormigón prefabricado con agregados

El hormigón de áridos sustituidos se produce colocando inicialmente un árido grueso clasificado por huecos que está suficientemente húmedo dentro del encofrado y compactándolo.
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Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

Ingeniería Civil

Unit 1

Unidad 1

Mixing, Placing and Curing Concrete 

Mezclado, colocación y curado del concreto

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

concrete placement for tight spaces

Preplaced aggregate concrete is used when a construction site is hard to reach. The process starts by wetting gap-graded coarse aggregates. This helps remove dirt from the stones. The aggregates are then placed in the form and compacted.

Next, a mortar mix is pumped under pressure through slotted pipes to fill the spaces between the aggregates. The mortar usually contains Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan reduces bleeding and segregation and also improves mortar flow. The fluidizing aid delays the setting of the mortar.

A cement and fine sand mortar can also be used. It is mixed in a high-speed colloid mixer so the cement stays suspended until pumping. As the mortar rises to the top, the pipe is slowly withdrawn. External vibration can be applied to the top layer to improve the finish of the exposed surface.

This method is valued for its uniformity and its lower risk of segregation. That makes it useful for nuclear shields and underwater projects. Its low shrinkage and low permeability also support water-retaining structures, large monolithic blocks, and repair work. In large-scale construction, refrigerated water may be circulated around the aggregates to limit heat from cement hydration. In cold conditions, steam may be circulated to help prevent frost damage.

Concrete Placement for Tight Spaces

mixing concrete

Concrete Mixer Types and Capacity

Concrete mixing creates a uniform blend of cement, aggregates, and paste. The goal is to coat the aggregates evenly with cement paste. Mixers used for this job are usually grouped into two main types: batch mixers and continuous mixers. Batch mixers handle one load at a time. They mix the materials thoroughly, discharge the batch, and then receive the next one. Continuous mixers work differently. They take in a steady flow of ingredients, mix them at a constant rate, and discharge the concrete...

mixing time

Concrete Mixer Charging and Timing

Concrete mixer charging and timing are key to making a uniform concrete mix with the needed strength. Mixing begins only after all ingredients are inside the mixer. The usual charging order starts with 10% of the water, then the solid materials are added steadily, followed by 80% of the water. The last portion of water is added later, within the first quarter of the total mixing period. The minimum mixing time depends on mixer capacity. Mixers with up to 1 cubic yard of capacity need at least...

ready mixed concrete

How Ready-Mixed Concrete Is Delivered

Ready-mixed concrete is prepared at a centralized plant and then delivered by truck to a construction site. It arrives ready for placement, which makes it different from concrete mixed entirely on site. Ready-mixed concrete includes three main forms: central-mixed, truck-mixed, and shrink-mixed. Central-mixed concrete is fully mixed at the plant and carried to the site in agitator trucks. These trucks rotate at 2 to 6 rpm, which helps keep the concrete in motion during transport. Truck-mixed...

pumped concrete

Concrete Pumping for Hard-to-Reach Sites

Concrete pumping moves large amounts of concrete through pipes to places that are hard to reach. It is used for sites such as deep foundation pits and other inaccessible locations. The system includes a hopper, a pump, and pipelines that carry the concrete to the placement point. Direct-acting pumps use a piston to move the concrete. Concrete enters the pump through the inlet valve by gravity and by suction created as the piston moves. The forward movement of the piston then pushes the...

placing concrete

Concrete Placement Methods and Compaction

Concrete placement methods focus on keeping the mix in a uniform shape and position. The concrete is placed as close as possible to its final location to reduce segregation, which is the separation of ingredients. It is then fully compacted to remove trapped air. The next layer is added while the layer below is still plastic, or soft enough to shape. The rate of placing and compacting concrete is kept equal. Concrete is laid in uniform layers, and hand shoveling is avoided. Moving concrete...

vibrating concrete

Concrete Compaction with Vibrators

Concrete compaction with vibrators helps newly poured concrete settle inside formwork and around reinforcement bars. The goal is to remove trapped air pockets and create a dense concrete mass. Mechanical vibration is a key part of that process. One common method uses an internal vibrator, also called a poker vibrator or immersion vibrator. It is quickly inserted through the full depth of the fresh concrete and slightly into the layer below, which is still in a plastic state. The vibrator is...

shotcrete

Shotcrete for Vertical and Overhead Surfaces

Shotcrete is a concrete spraying method used on vertical and overhead surfaces. It uses mortar or small aggregate concrete with a high cement content. The material is sprayed at high velocity, and the impact helps compact it so it can cling without sagging. Builders place shotcrete in layers until it reaches about 4 inches thick. The quality depends strongly on the operator’s skill in managing the nozzle. Careful nozzle control helps the material land evenly and build up properly. Shotcrete...

preplaced aggregate concrete

Preplaced aggregate concrete is used when a construction site is hard to reach. The process starts by wetting gap-graded coarse aggregates. This helps remove dirt from the stones. The aggregates are then placed in the form and compacted. Next, a mortar mix is pumped under pressure through slotted pipes to fill the spaces between the aggregates. The mortar usually contains Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan reduces bleeding and segregation and...

finishing concrete

Concrete Surface Finishing Steps

Concrete surface finishing begins right after the concrete has been placed and consolidated. The first step is screeding, which levels the surface by removing extra material until it is even with the top of the formwork. A screed is a straight edge used for this leveling step. After screeding, a bull float or darby is used to smooth the surface further. These tools help lower high spots, fill low areas, and push larger aggregate particles deeper into the concrete. This preparation should...

curing of concrete

How Curing Improves Concrete Strength

Curing helps concrete gain strength after it has set. It keeps the concrete moist and at the right temperature so cement hydration can continue. Hydration is the process where cement reacts with water in the water-filled capillary pores and forms the products that fill spaces in the paste. Dry air can interrupt this process by pulling water from the concrete surface. Concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 can also lose water through self-desiccation, which means internal water is used up...

curing methods

Concrete Curing for Moisture Retention

Concrete curing for moisture retention helps fresh concrete keep the water it needs as it hardens. For members with a small surface-to-volume ratio, the forms are often oiled and moistened before the concrete is placed. These forms may stay in place for a long time to reduce moisture loss. If the form material can be wetted, it can also be kept damp. When forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and then covered with polythene sheets. Large horizontal concrete surfaces in dry...

accelerated curing of concrete

How Concrete Gains Strength Faster

Concrete can gain strength faster when heat and extra moisture speed up cement hydration. This faster hydration helps the concrete build early strength sooner than normal curing. The process is used when quicker hardening is needed after casting. One common method is steam curing. Concrete products may move through a chamber on a conveyor belt, or they may be encased in plastic so steam at atmospheric pressure can circulate around them. Steam curing starts with moist curing for about 3 to 5...

key terms and concepts

Learn how preplaced aggregate concrete fills hard-to-reach forms with pumped mortar, low segregation, and uses in underwater, repair, and water-retaining projects.

Concrete Placement for Tight Spaces | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

civil engineering

Concrete Placement for Tight Spaces

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