Name: newtonian vs non-newtonian fluid behavior
Uploaded: 2025-02-13T15:43:08.000Z
Duration: 1 min 27 s
Channel: JoVE

Los fluidos se clasifican en dos tipos principales: newtonianos y no newtonianos. Los fluidos newtonianos tienen una viscosidad constante y su esfuerzo de cizallamiento está relacionado linealmente con la velocidad de deformación por cizallamiento.
El comportamiento de los fluidos newtonianos es predecible. Algunos ejemplos son el agua, el aire, el aceite y la gasolina.
Los fluidos no newtonianos, sin embargo, exhiben una viscosidad variable en función de la velocidad de cizallamiento. Se dividen en adelgazamiento por cizallamiento, espesamiento por cizallamiento y plásticos Bingham.
Los fluidos de adelgazamiento por cizallamiento, como la pintura de látex y las soluciones de polímeros, muestran una viscosidad aparente disminuida con una mayor velocidad de cizallamiento, lo que les permite fluir más fácilmente cuando se cortan.
Esta propiedad es útil en aplicaciones como la pintura con pincel y la impresión de inyección de tinta, donde se requiere una aplicación suave y uniforme.
Los fluidos espesantes de cizallamiento, como el almidón de maíz en agua, muestran una mayor viscosidad aparente a velocidades de cizallamiento más altas y se vuelven más resistentes al flujo cuando se agitan.
Esta propiedad única los hace útiles en equipos de protección y dispositivos de amortiguación.
Los plásticos Bingham, como la pasta de dientes y la mayonesa, se comportan como sólidos una vez que se supera el límite elástico y luego fluyen como fluidos, lo que los hace ideales para productos que necesitan extrusión o esparcimiento.

tipos de fluidos

Types of Fluids

Los fluidos se pueden clasificar en newtonianos y no newtonianos según su respuesta al esfuerzo cortante. Los fluidos newtonianos tienen una relación lineal entre el esfuerzo cortante y la velocidad de deformación por esfuerzo cortante, siguiendo la ley de viscosidad de Newton. Su viscosidad permanece constante independientemente de la velocidad de esfuerzo cortante, lo que hace que su comportamiento sea predecible y más fácil de analizar. Algunos ejemplos comunes son el agua, el aire, el aceite y la gasolina. Por el contrario, los fluidos no newtonianos no siguen la ley de viscosidad de Newton y su viscosidad cambia con la variación de la velocidad de esfuerzo cortante. Estos fluidos se pueden dividir en newtonianos y no newtonianos. Entre los no newtonianos, se encuentran los pseudoplásticos, dilatantes y plásticos de Bingham. Los fluidos dilatantes, también conocidos como fluidos pseudoplásticos, disminuyen su viscosidad con el aumento de la velocidad de esfuerzo cortante. Algunos ejemplos son la pintura de látex y las soluciones de polímeros, que fluyen más fácilmente cuando se someten a fuerza, lo que los hace útiles en aplicaciones que requieren una fácil distribución bajo tensión. Los fluidos pseudoplásticos, por otro lado, aumentan su viscosidad con el aumento de la velocidad de esfuerzo cortante. Un ejemplo común es una mezcla de almidón de maíz y agua, que se vuelve más resistente al flujo cuando se agita, lo que proporciona una mayor resistencia bajo tensión. Los plásticos de Bingham muestran un comportamiento diferente: actúan como sólidos hasta que se les aplica un límite elástico específico, después de lo cual fluyen como fluidos. Algunos ejemplos incluyen la pasta de dientes y la mayonesa, que resisten el estrés inicial pero comienzan a fluir una vez que se supera el límite elástico. Comprender este tipo de fluidos es crucial para diseñar y analizar varios sistemas de fluidos, desde tuberías hasta procesos industriales, asegurando la eficiencia y el funcionamiento adecuado.

Tipos de fluidos

Los fluidos se clasifican en dos tipos principales: newtonianos y no newtonianos. Los fluidos newtonianos tienen una viscosidad constante y su esfuerzo de cizallamiento es linealmente ...

Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

Ingeniería Civil

Unit 1

Unidad 1

Fluid Properties

Propiedades de los fluidos

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

newtonian vs non-newtonian fluid behavior

Fluids can be grouped by how they respond to shear stress. Shear stress is a force that acts across a material, and shear strain rate describes how quickly it changes shape or flows. In this lesson, fluids are divided into Newtonian and non-Newtonian types.

Newtonian fluids follow Newton’s law of viscosity. Their shear stress changes in a linear way as the shear rate changes. That means their viscosity stays constant, so their flow is predictable and easier to analyze. Water, air, oil, and gasoline are common examples.

Non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton’s law of viscosity. Their viscosity changes when the shear rate changes. These fluids are often grouped into shear-thinning, shear-thickening, and Bingham plastics.

Shear-thinning fluids are also called pseudoplastic fluids. Their viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases, so they flow more easily under force. Latex paint and polymer solutions are examples, and this makes them useful when a material needs to spread easily.

Shear-thickening fluids behave in the opposite way. Their viscosity increases as the shear rate increases, so they resist flow more when they are agitated. A cornstarch-water mixture is a common example.

Bingham plastics have another pattern. They act like solids until a certain yield stress is reached. After that, they begin to flow like fluids. Toothpaste and mayonnaise are examples, and they resist initial stress before they start moving.

Knowing these fluid behaviors helps in many real systems. It supports the design and analysis of pipelines and industrial processes. It also helps engineers choose the right fluid for efficient and reliable function.

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Fluids can be grouped by how they respond to shear stress. Shear stress is a force that acts across a material, and shear strain rate describes how quickly it changes shape or flows. In this lesson, fluids are divided into Newtonian and non-Newtonian types. Newtonian fluids follow Newton’s law of viscosity. Their shear stress changes in a linear way as the shear rate changes. That means their viscosity stays constant, so their flow is predictable and easier to analyze. Water, air, oil, and...

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Learn how Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids respond to shear stress, with examples of shear-thinning, shear-thickening, and Bingham plastics.

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civil engineering

Newtonian vs Non-Newtonian Fluid Behavior

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